References
- Altomonte C., Aquilante T., Békés G., Ottaviano G.I., 2013. Internationalization and innovation of firms: Evidence and policy. Economic Policy 28(76): 663–700. DOI 10.1111/1468-0327.12020
- Ambroziak A.A., Kawecka-Wyrzykowska E., Mongiało D., Próchniak M., Schwabe M., 2024. 20 lat Polski w Unii Europejskiej (Twenty years of Poland in the European Union). 1–228. https://samorzad.pap.pl/sites/default/files/2024-04/raport-PAP_20-lat-w-UE.pdf
- Bajgar M., Javorcik B., 2020. Climbing the rungs of the quality ladder: FDI and domestic exporters in Romania. The Economic Journal 130(628): 937–955. DOI 10.1093/ej/ueaa003
- Baldwin R.E., Okubo T., 2006. Heterogeneous firms, agglomeration and economic geography: Spatial selection and sorting. Journal of Economic Geography 6(3): 323–346. DOI 10.1093/jeg/lbi020
- Batabyal A.A., Nijkamp P. (eds), 2015. The region and trade: New analytical directions. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore.
- Brodzicki T., 2024. Global knowledge-intensive business services trade flows. The revealed competitive position of Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. Quaestiones Geographicae 43(4): 151–167. DOI 10.14746/quageo-2024-0040
- Brodzicki T., Jurkiewicz T., Márquez-Ramos L., Umiński S., 2019. Patterns and determinants of the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade of regions: Panel analysis for Spain & Poland. Applied Economics 52(14): 1533–1552. DOI 10.1080/00036846.2019.1676871
- Brodzicki T., Umiński S., 2017. A gravity panel data analysis of foreign trade by regions: The role of metropolises and history. Regional Studies 52(2): 261–273. DOI 10.1080/00343404.2017.1296123
- Capello R., 2016. Regional economics, 2nd ed. Routledge, London and New York.
- Cieślik A., 2019. MNE activity in Poland: Horizontal, vertical or both? Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 57(2): 335–347. DOI 10.1080/1540496X.2018.1549029
- Cieślik A., Michałek J.J., Szczygielski K., 2016. Innovations and export performance: Firm-level evidence from Poland. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review 4(4): 11–28. DOI 10.15678/EBER.2016.040402
- Cieślik A., Turgut M.B., 2021. Estimating the growth effects of 2004 eastern enlargement of the European Union. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14(3): 128. DOI 10.3390/jrfm14030128
- Coşar K.A., Fajgelbaum P.D., 2016. Internal geography, international trade, and regional specialization. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 8(1): 24–56. DOI 10.1257/mic.20140145
- Courant P.N., Deardorff A.V., 1992. International trade with lumpy countries. Journal of Political Economy 100(1): 198–210. DOI 10.1086/261813
- Duda R.O., Hart P.E., 1973. Pattern classification and scene analysis. New York: Wiley.
- European Commission, 2005. European innovation scoreboard 2004. Comparative analysis of innovation performance. Commission staff working paper, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
- European Commission, 2006. European innovation progress report 2006. Trendchart. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
- European Commission, 2024. European innovation scoreboard 2024. DOI 10.2777/779689
- Forsgren M., 2024. Theories of the multinational firm. A multidimensional creature in the global economy. 4th ed, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, UK.
- Fujita M., Krugman P., 2003. The new economic geography: Past, present and the future. Papers in Regional Science 83(1): 139–164. DOI 10.1007/s10110-003-0180-0
- Gajewski P., Tchorek G., 2017. What drives export performance of firms in Eastern and Western Poland? European Planning Studies 25(12): 2250–2271. DOI 10.1080/09654313.2017.1355890
- Hagemejer J., Matuszczak L, 2024. Single market enlargement and technical barriers to trade: Revisiting the evidence. Central European Economic Journal 11(58): 79–96. DOI 10.2478/ceej-2024-0008
- Javorcik B.S., Lo Turco A., Maggioni D., 2018. New and improved: Does FDI boost production complexity in host countries? The Economic Journal 128(614): 2507–2537. DOI 10.1111/ecoj.12530
- Komornicki T., Ciołek D., 2017. Territorial capital in Poland. In: Bradley J., Zaucha J. (eds), Territorial cohesion: A missing link between economic growth and welfare lessons from the Baltic tiger. Uniwersytet Gdański Katedra Makroekonomii, Gdańsk: 93–146.
- Mayer T., Ottaviano G.I.P., 2008. The happy few: The internationalisation of European firms. Intereconomics 43(3): 135–148. DOI 10.1007/s10272-008-0247-x
- Melitz M.J., Redding S.J., 2014. Heterogeneous firms and trade. In: Gopinath G., Helpman E., Rogoff K. (eds), Handbook of international economics. Vol. 4. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam: 1–54. DOI 10.1016/B978-0-444-54314-1.00001-X
- Milligan G.W., Cooper M.C., 1985. An examination of procedures for determining the number of clusters in a data set. Psychometrika 50(2): 159–179. DOI 10.1007/BF02294245
- Nazarczuk J.M., Umiński S., 2018a. The geography of openness to foreign trade in Poland: The role of special economic zones and foreign-owned entities. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series 39(39): 97–111. DOI 10.2478/bog-2018-0007
- Nazarczuk J.M., Umiński S., 2018b. The impact of special economic zones on export behaviour: Evidence from Polish firm-level data. E+M Ekonomie a Management 21(3): 4–22. DOI 10.15240/tul/001/2018-3-001
- Nazarczuk J.M., Umiński S., 2019. Foreign trade in special economic zones in Poland. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie, Olsztyn. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/204302
- Nazarczuk J.M., Umiński S., Brodzicki T., 2020a. Determinants of the spatial distribution of exporters in regions: The role of ownership. The Annals of Regional Science 64(3): 547–574. DOI 10.1007/s00168-019-00947-6
- Nazarczuk J.M., Umiński S., Jurkiewicz T., 2020b. Foreign ownership as a neglected factor in regions’ smart specialisation exports. Journal of Business Economics and Management 21(3): 826–850. DOI 10.3846/jbem.2020.12425
- North D.C., 1955. Location theory and regional economic growth. Journal of Political Economy 63(3): 243–258. DOI 10.1086/257668
- Statistics Poland, 2005. Nauka i technika w 2004r. (Science and technology in 2004). Informacje i opracowania statystyczne, Warsaw.
- Umiński S., Borowicz A., 2021. Will multinational enterprises contribute to Poland’s economic resilience and recovery during and post COVID-19 pandemic. Transnational Corporations Review 13(1): 74–87. DOI 10.1080/19186444.2021.1888638
- Umiński S., Nazarczuk J.M. (eds), 2020. Regions in international trade. De Gruyter Open, Warsaw/Berlin.
- Umiński S., Nazarczuk J.M., Borowicz A., 2023. The role of foreign-owned entities in building economic resilience in times of crisis: The case of European digital and technologically-intensive firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy 18(3): 751–777. DOI 10.24136/eq.2023.024
- van Hulst N., Mulder R., Soete L.L.G., 1991. Exports and technology in manufacturing industry. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 127(2): 246–264. DOI 10.1007/BF02707985
- Ward J.H., 1963. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58(301): 236. DOI 10.2307/2282967
- Yoshida Y., 2008. Intra-industry trade between Japan and Korea: Vertical intra-industry trade, fragmentation and export margins. Discussion Paper. Faculty of Economics, Kyushu Sangyo University (32).