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Characteristics of Poland’s NUTS-2 regions’ foreign trade (2004, 2023) based on Eurostat, National Bank of Poland, Polish National Revenue Administration, and Statistics Poland data_
| Exports of goods (% of GDP) | Exports of goods (per capita, EUR) | Share of FOEs in exports (%) | Share of food and agricultural products in exports (%) | Share of HT products in exports (%) | Unit value of exports (EUR/KG) | Share of IIT (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 2023 | 2004 | 2023 | 2004 | 2023 | 2004 | 2023 | 2004 | 2023 | 2004 | 2023 | 2004 | 2023 | |
| Dolnośląskie | 39.8 | 82.0 | 2 169 | 17 719 | 65.7 | 72.6 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 1.9 | 5.0 | 33.6 | 37.4 |
| Kujawsko–pomorskie | 19.3 | 39.3 | 915 | 6 205 | 39.0 | 46.7 | 10.5 | 22.0 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 30.8 | 37.0 |
| Lubelskie | 12.8 | 26.0 | 490 | 3 500 | 37.1 | 38.7 | 24.3 | 30.1 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 25.1 | 41.4 |
| Lubuskie | 37.9 | 76.7 | 1 810 | 12 276 | 57.1 | 61.1 | 4.8 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 33.6 | 35.5 |
| Łódzkie | 13.9 | 33.5 | 692 | 6 406 | 53.1 | 57.1 | 7.3 | 21.4 | 3.9 | 10.0 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 35.4 | 41.3 |
| Małopolskie | 17.9 | 35.4 | 856 | 6 230 | 34.3 | 44.0 | 9.9 | 11.6 | 14.6 | 10.1 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 35.1 | 43.0 |
| Mazowieckie | 24.2 | 34.4 | 1 975 | 11 124 | 60.8 | 49.8 | 20.3 | 21.8 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 33.3 | 43.0 |
| Opolskie | 18.7 | 49.9 | 862 | 7 791 | 38.4 | 48.8 | 6.1 | 14.9 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 35.0 | 48.6 |
| Podkarpackie | 26.2 | 55.4 | 1 025 | 7 593 | 54.2 | 63.5 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 15.9 | 31.1 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 28.6 | 56.9 |
| Podlaskie | 17.8 | 32.7 | 710 | 4 836 | 35.5 | 17.9 | 26.7 | 38.4 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 20.1 | 37.2 |
| Pomorskie | 43.4 | 49.7 | 2 292 | 9 457 | 34.0 | 47.8 | 6.6 | 27.5 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 51.3 | 42.9 |
| Śląskie | 42.6 | 60.4 | 2 566 | 12 460 | 65.2 | 63.6 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 2.1 | 5.6 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 34.1 | 53.2 |
| Świętokrzyskie | 12.5 | 29.9 | 538 | 4 343 | 55.8 | 54.5 | 8.8 | 6.9 | 1.2 | 9.1 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 24.3 | 31.5 |
| Warmińsko-mazurskie | 22.0 | 36.7 | 896 | 4 980 | 53.1 | 41.8 | 8.6 | 19.0 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 21.3 | 32.3 |
| Wielkopolskie | 38.0 | 56.0 | 2 189 | 11 786 | 69.2 | 60.6 | 9.8 | 19.4 | 7.1 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 42.2 | 44.7 |
| Zachodniopomorskie | 27.2 | 41.0 | 1 324 | 6 655 | 44.1 | 64.6 | 11.1 | 20.6 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 38.5 | 38.0 |
| Poland overall | 28.4 | 46.6 | 1 530 | 9 265 | 56.4 | 56.9 | 8.7 | 14.7 | 6.8 | 11.7 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 52.5 | 63.0 |
Clusters composition and characteristics of changes within particular features (2004–2023)_
| Cluster/voivodeships | Increase of exports per capita | Change of FOEs’ share in exports | Increase of food and agricultural products share in exports | Increase of HT products share in exports | Change of IIT share in trade | Increase of unit values of exports | Decrease of EU share in exports (pp.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Dolnośląskie | very high | increase | moderate | low | no change | moderate | –8.1 |
| 2. Lubuskie, Mazowieckie, Śląskie, Wielkopolskie | moderate | decrease | high | low | increase | significant | –1.0 |
| 3. Kujawsko–Pomorskie, Łódzkie, Małopolskie, Opolskie, Zachodniopomorskie | high | significant increase | high | moderate | increase | moderate | –1.7 |
| 4. Pomorskie | very low | significant increase | very high | very low | decrease | low | –4.1 |
| 5. Lubelskie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie | moderate | decrease | low | very high | significant increase | moderate | –8.1 |
| 6. Podkarpackie | high | increase | low | high | significant increase | significant | –12.7 |