Table 1
Demographic characteristics per comparison group
|
Group 1 (N = 42) |
Group 2 (N = 59) |
Group 3 (N = 62) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
M |
SD |
M |
SD |
M |
SD | |
|
Gender | ||||||
|
Male |
16 |
– |
18 |
– |
48 |
– |
|
Female |
26 |
– |
41 |
– |
14 |
– |
|
Age |
22.29 |
2.49 |
23.15 |
2.41 |
21.31 |
2.02 |
|
GPA |
7.12 |
0.87 |
6.91 |
0.64 |
7.03 |
0.68 |
Students’ age ranges from 19.0 to 33.0. Students’ grade point average (GPA) is displayed on a scale from 1 to 10
M mean, SD standard deviation
Table 2
Means, standard deviations, and correlations between main constructs
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1. Gender |
1.00 | |||||||
|
2. Age |
−0.16 |
1.00 | ||||||
|
3. GPA |
−0.10 |
0.00 |
1.00 | |||||
|
4. Information retrieval skills |
−0.17* |
0.22** |
0.03 |
1.00 | ||||
|
5. Writing skills |
−0.01 |
0.14 |
0.14 |
0.49** |
1.00 | |||
|
6. Statistical skills |
−0.30** |
0.10 |
0.13 |
0.44** |
0.52** |
1.00 | ||
|
7. Critical judgment |
−0.03 |
−0.13 |
0.16 |
0.10 |
0.20* |
0.25** |
1.00 | |
|
8. Overall gains |
−0.19* |
0.11 |
0.07 |
0.50** |
0.33** |
0.49** |
0.18* |
1.00 |
|
Mean |
– |
22.23 |
7.01 |
2.45 |
2.55 |
1.95 |
3.05 |
3.52 |
|
Standard deviation |
– |
2.41 |
0.72 |
0.73 |
0.70 |
0.70 |
0.71 |
0.55 |
Mean scores for evidence-based medicine skills range from 1 (no experience) to 5 (much experience)
Gender: 0 male, 1 female, GPA grade point average
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001
Table 3
Univariate F, stepdown F, and effect size for evidence-based medicine and research skills
|
Dependent variable |
Univariate F |
df |
Stepdown F |
df |
Partial η2 |
90 % CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lower |
Upper | ||||||
|
Writing skills |
11.11** |
2/147 |
11.11** |
2/147 |
0.13 |
0.05 |
0.21 |
|
Information retrieval skills |
13.32** |
2/147 |
5.40** |
2/146 |
0.07 |
0.01 |
0.14 |
|
Statistical skills |
2.31 |
2/147 |
0.53 |
2/145 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
|
Critical judgment |
1.19 |
2/147 |
3.23* |
2/144 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
|
Overall gains |
1.12 |
2/147 |
2.02 |
2/143 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
0.08 |
Df degrees of freedom, CI confidence interval
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001