Investigating the Efficacy of Flipped Classroom Approach on Students’ Performance in Digestion, Respiration, and Circulatory System in Selected Schools of Burundi

TEST		F	Sig.	T	df	P	MEAN DIFFERENCE	STD. ERROR DIFFERENCE	95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE DIFFERENCE
TEST		F	Sig.	T	df	P	MEAN DIFFERENCE	STD. ERROR DIFFERENCE	LOWER	UPPER
		Levene’s test for equality of variances		t-test for equality of means
Post-test	Equal variances assumed	1.755	0,196	–2.786	28	0.009	–6.0000	2.1533	–10.4108	–1.5892
Post-test	Equal variances not assumed			–2.852	26,888	0.008	–6.0000	2.1041	–10.3181	–1.6819

Table 2

Independent t-test to compare post-test scores between CG and EG at LEN.

TEST		F	Sig.	T	df	P	MEAN DIFFERENCE	STD. ERROR DIFFERENCE	95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE DIFFERENCE
TEST		F	Sig.	T	df	P	MEAN DIFFERENCE	STD. ERROR DIFFERENCE	LOWER	UPPER
		Levene’s test for equality of variances		t-test for equality of means
Post-test	Equal variances assumed	0.616	0.436	–2.466	46	0.017	–4.3958	1.7828	–7.9844	–0.8073
Post-test	Equal variances not assumed			–2.466	44.901	0.018	–4.3958	1.7828	–7.9868	–0.8049

Table 3

ANCOVA test results at KIA.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE: POST-TEST
SOURCE	SUM OF SQUARES	df	MEAN SQUARE	F	p	η²
Pre-test	168.414	1	168.414	5.677	0.024	0.174
Group	276.451	1	276.451	9.319	0.005	0.257
Error	800.961	27	29.665
Total	30911.250	30
Corrected total	1238.175	29

Table 4

ANCOVA test results at LEN.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE: POST-TEST
SOURCE	SUM OF SQUARES	df	MEAN SQUARE	F	p	η²
Pre-test	788.707	1	788.707	36.751	0.000	0.450
Group	356.280	1	356.280	16.601	0.000	0.269
Error	965.741	45	21.461
Total	38534.250	48
Corrected total	1986.328	47

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.65043/eurodl.167 | Journal eISSN: 1027-5207

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Language: English

Page range: 10 - 10

Submitted on: Sep 4, 2025

Accepted on: Jun 1, 2026

Published on: Jul 2, 2026

Published by: EDEN Digital Learning Europe

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Flipped classroom approach,

biology education,

student performance,

students’ perceptions,

teachers’ perceptions,

constructivism,

explanatory sequential design

© 2026 Deogratias Ndagijimana, Ezechiel Nsabayezu, Olivier Habimana, published by EDEN Digital Learning Europe
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 28 (2026): Issue 1

Investigating the Efficacy of Flipped Classroom Approach on Students’ Performance in Digestion, Respiration, and Circulatory System in Selected Schools of Burundi

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