Table 1
Factor loadings, construct reliability, average variance extracted, and square roots.
| VARIABLE | FACTOR LOADING | CR | AVE/SQUARE ROOT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Attitudes toward AI | 0.75–0.75 | 0.873 | 0.50/0.71 |
| Accessibility of AI | 0.56–0.67 | 0.741 | 0.42/0.65 |
| Academic benefits of AI | 0.62–0.82 | 0.925 | 0.55/0.74 |
| Risks and concerns of AI | 0.64–0.81 | 0.878 | 0.51/0.71 |
| Distrust in AI | 0.63–0.78 | 0.751 | 0.50/0.71 |
Table 2
Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations between variables (n = 306).
| VARIABLE | ATTITUDES TOWARD AI | ACCESSIBILITY OF AI | ACADEMIC BENEFITS OF AI | RISKS AND CONCERNS OF AI | DISTRUST IN AI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attitudes toward AI | 0.71 | ||||
| Accessibility of AI | 0.60*** | 0.65 | |||
| Academic benefits of AI | 0.68*** | 0.47*** | 0.74 | ||
| Risks and concerns of AI | 0.14* | 0.23*** | 0.21*** | 0.71 | |
| Distrust in AI | 0.04 | 0.13* | 0.05 | 0.68*** | 0.71 |
| Mean | 3.54 | 3.29 | 3.71 | 3.26 | 3.18 |
| SD | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.83 |
| Skewness | –0.42 | –0.16 | –0.65 | 0.09 | –0.06 |
| Kurtosis | 0.66 | 0.44 | 1.30 | 0.33 | 0.02 |
[i] *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.
Table 3
Summary of hierarchical regression analysis for variables predicting students’ attitudes toward AI use in education (n = 306).
| MODEL | PREDICTOR | B | SE | β | T | P | R² | F | df | P (MODEL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | (Constant) | 0.91 | 0.16 | 5.59 | 0.00 | 0.467 | 266.67 | 1, 304 | <.001 | |
| Academic benefits of AI | 0.71 | 0.04 | 0.68 | 16.33 | 0.00 | |||||
| 2 | (Constant) | 0.40 | 0.16 | 2.45 | 0.02 | 0.564 | 195.88 | 2, 303 | <.001 | |
| Academic benefits of AI | 0.54 | 0.04 | 0.52 | 12.08 | 0.00 | |||||
| Accessibility of AI | 0.35 | 0.04 | 0.35 | 8.19 | 0.00 | |||||
| 3 | (Constant) | 0.21 | 0.18 | 1.16 | 0.25 | 0.571 | 134.05 | 3, 302 | <.001 | |
| Academic benefits of AI | 0.53 | 0.04 | 0.51 | 12.02 | 0.00 | |||||
| Accessibility of AI | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 8.45 | 0.00 | |||||
| School location | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 2.26 | 0.03 |
[i] Note: Dependent variables: Attitudes toward AI use in education. Predictors: Academic benefits of AI, accessibility of AI, and school location. The covariates gender, age, grade, level of English proficiency, type of educational institutions, family’s socioeconomic status, risks and concerns of AI, and distrust in AI were considered but not included in the final model.