Open Educational Resources in K-12: Common Predictors for Creating and Reusing Fall Short

Maria Klar; Katja Buntins; Daniel Diekmann; Marc Rittberger; Michael Kerres

doi:10.55982/openpraxis.16.3.679

Open Educational Resources in K-12: Common Predictors for Creating and Reusing Fall Short

Open Praxis

Volume 16 (2024): Issue 3

By: Maria Klar , Katja Buntins , Daniel Diekmann , Marc Rittberger and Michael Kerres

Open Access

|Aug 2024

Figures & Tables

Proportion of school types.
(‘Gymnasium’ refers to an academic secondary school allowing admission to higher education).

Table 2

Constructs, items, McDonald’s ω, and scale formats.

CONSTRUCT	ITEMS	MCDONALD’S ω	SCALE FORMAT
Cooperation and Local Sharing	It is common in my school to share teaching materials with others. I use materials created or revised by colleagues. I create teaching materials together with members of my subject group(s). I create teaching materials together with individual colleagues at my school with whom I closely collaborate. I selectively share my teaching materials with specific colleagues at my school with whom I closely collaborate. I share my teaching materials with all teaching staff at my school. I share my teaching materials with fixed groups at my school (e.g., subject group).	ω = 0.77	1 = never; 2 = rarely; 3 = occasionally; 4 = often; 5 = very often
Ability to Find and Adapt	I know how to adapt materials from the internet for my teaching. I know where to find suitable materials for my teaching on the internet. Often, I am unsure whether I am allowed to use or modify materials from the internet. (-)	ω = 0.49	1 = strongly disagree; 2 = disagree; 3 = neither agree nor disagree; 4 = agree; 5 = strongly agree
Reasons for Sharing	I help colleagues save time and resources. I am pleased when others use my teaching materials. This way, I can disseminate my teaching materials. I receive feedback on my teaching materials. Communication and transparency within the faculty are improved. I receive recognition. Inexperienced colleagues can benefit from my experiences. Schools become less dependent on textbook publishers. I enjoy collaborating with colleagues. I can showcase my expertise through sharing. It is my responsibility as an educator to share my teaching materials with others.	ω = 0.80	1 = strongly disagree; … 5 = strongly agree
Awareness During Search	When searching for teaching materials on the internet, I pay attention to open licenses.		1 = strongly disagree; … 5 = strongly agree
Awareness of Licenses	I am aware of licensing options under which I can provide Open Educational Resources.		1 = strongly disagree; … 5 = strongly agree
Time as a Barrier	Finding suitable materials on the internet requires a lot of time.		1 = strongly disagree; … 5 = strongly agree
Lack of High-Quality Material	I cannot find high-quality materials on the internet.		1 = strongly disagree; … 5 = strongly agree
Reuse of OER	I use Open Educational Resources created by others. I adapt Open Educational Resources created by others.	Omega cannot be estimated because the number of items is less than three.	1 = never; 2 = rarely; … 5 = very often
Creation of OER	I create teaching materials on my own that I provide as Open Educational Resources to others. I create teaching materials cooperatively that I provide as Open Educational Resources to others.	Omega cannot be estimated because the number of items is less than three.	1 = never; 2 = rarely; … 5 = very often

Table 3

Descriptive statistics.

	SCALE	N	MIN	MAX	MEAN	SD
Predictors	Cooperation and Local Sharing	1560	1	5	2.85	0.67
	Ability to Find and Adapt	1481	1	5	3.73	0.75
	Reasons for Sharing	1540	1	5	3.45	0.64
	Awareness During Search	1563	1	5	2.43	1.38
	Awareness of Licenses	1563	1	5	1.78	1.16
	Time as a Barrier	1559	1	5	3.67	1.04
	Lack of High-Quality Material	1558	1	5	2.62	1.03
Dependent Variable	Reuse of OER (only >1)	1234	1.5	5	3.08	0.86
Dependent Variable	Creation of OER (only >1)	455	1.5	5	3.29	0.84

Table 4

Binary distribution of the dependent variables.

	VALUE = 1	VALUE > 1	PERCENTAGE VALUE = 1	PERCENTAGE VALUE > 1
Reuse of OER	327	1234	20.90%	79.10%
Creation of OER	1090	455	70.10%	29.9%

Table 5

Binary logistic regression analysis for OER reuse.

REUSE OF OER	B	SE	WALD	df	p – VALUE	EXP(B)
Intercept	–0.74	0.64	1.32	1.00	>0.05	0.48
Awareness During Search	0.33	0.09	13.50	1.00	<0.05	1.39
Awareness of Licenses	0.41	0.06	42.13	1.00	<0.05	1.50
Time as a Barrier	0.04	0.07	0.28	1.00	>0.05	1.04
Lack of High-Quality Material	–0.14	0.07	3.98	1.00	<0.05	0.87
Ability to Find and Adapt	0.13	0.09	1.93	1.00	>0.05	1.14
Reasons for Sharing	0.01	0.11	0.01	1.00	>0.05	1.01
Cooperation and Local Sharing	0.16	0.11	1.86	1.00	>0.05	1.17

Table 6

Binary logistic regression analysis for OER creation.

CREATION OF OER	B	SE	WALD	df	p – VALUE	EXP(B)
Intercept	–3.469	0.603	33.082	1	<0.05	0.031
Awareness During Search	0.444	0.055	64.155	1	<0.05	1.559
Awareness of Licenses	0.227	0.049	21.067	1	<0.05	1.254
Time as a Barrier	–0.139	0.066	4.514	1	<0.05	0.87
Lack of High-Quality Material	0.063	0.066	0.92	1	>0.05	1.065
Ability to Find and Adapt	–0.019	0.089	0.046	1	>0.05	0.981
Reasons for Sharing	0.226	0.107	4.481	1	<0.05	1.253
Cooperation and Local Sharing	0.283	0.101	7.784	1	<0.05	1.327

Table 7

Multiple regression analysis for OER reuse.

REUSE OF OER	REGRESSION COEFFICIENT	SE	BETA	T	p–VALUE
Intercept	1.746	0.235		7.431	p < 0.05
Awareness During Search	0.062	0.02	0.098	3.104	p < 0.05
Awareness of Licenses	–0.002	0.023	–0.003	–0.109	p > 0.05
Time as a Barrier	–0.019	0.026	–0.022	–0.723	p > 0.05
Lack of High-Quality Material	–0.054	0.026	–0.062	–2.071	p < 0.05
Ability to Find and Adapt	0.18	0.035	0.151	5.099	p < 0.05
Reasons for Sharing	0.085	0.042	0.061	2.005	p < 0.05
Cooperation and Local Sharing	0.144	0.039	0.113	3.65	p < 0.05

Table 8

Multiple regression analysis for OER creation.

CREATION OF OER	REGRESSION COEFFICIENT	SE	BETA	T	p–VALUE
Intercept	1.242	0.365		3.404	<0.05
Awareness During Search	–0.041	0.033	–0.064	–1.258	>0.05
Awareness of Licenses	0.11	0.034	0.171	3.266	<0.05
Time as a Barrier	–0.063	0.04	–0.077	–1.575	>0.05
Lack of High-Quality Material	0.027	0.043	0.032	0.637	>0.05
Ability to Find and Adapt	–0.06	0.056	–0.051	–1.071	>0.05
Reasons for Sharing	0.051	0.065	0.039	0.794	>0.05
Cooperation and Local Sharing	0.386	0.062	0.312	6.224	<0.05

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.16.3.679 | Journal eISSN: 2304-070X

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Language: English

Page range: 347 - 361

Submitted on: Mar 1, 2024

Accepted on: Jun 26, 2024

Published on: Aug 29, 2024

Published by: International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

educational resources,

enablers and barriers,

OER adoption,

OER readiness,

predictors of OER adoption,

K-12,

cooperation,

sharing,

open educational practices,

reuse

© 2024 Maria Klar, Katja Buntins, Daniel Diekmann, Marc Rittberger, Michael Kerres, published by International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 16 (2024): Issue 3

Open Educational Resources in K-12: Common Predictors for Creating and Reusing Fall Short

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