Is Learning with an AI-Powered Chatbot for Everyone? A First Look at How Learning Preferences May Influence Learning Outcomes

In an era where AI-powered chatbots are increasingly being integrated into education and corporate learning, it is critical to determine whether these approaches benefit all learners or primarily cater to those with specific preferences. This study explores the interplay between learning preferences and learning outcomes in communication training using an AI-powered chatbot. In a field experiment with 17 participants, systematic thinkers and intrinsically motivated learners reported higher satisfaction and greater skill improvement, while those who preferred model learning and direct feedback benefited less. These findings suggest that AI-powered chatbots should be carefully designed to accommodate diverse learners and mitigate potential negative effects.