Tabel 1
Reintegration Training of Ex-Militants.
| Area of Specialisation | Number Trained | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Education: | |
| Nigerian universities | 1,620 | |
| Foreign universities | 1,454 | |
| 2 | Welding and fabrication | 5,194 |
| 3 | Entrepreneurship | 2,798 |
| 4 | Maritime | 1,086 |
| 5 | Crane and heavy duty | 1,030 |
| 6 | Pipefitting | 250 |
| 7 | Boat building | 299 |
| 8 | Agriculture | 239 |
| 9 | Automobile | 207 |
| 10 | Electrical installation | 89 |
| 11 | Aviation: | |
| Engineers | 138 | |
| Pilot (fixed wing) | 71 | |
| Helicopter | 21 | |
| Instructors | 5 | |
| 12 | Diving | 230 |
| 13 | Drilling | 197 |
| 14 | Health, safety and environment | 104 |
| 15 | Industry automation | 86 |
| 16 | Entertainment | 60 |
| 17 | Instrumentation | 46 |
| Total | 15,224 | |
[i] Source: Office of the Special Adviser to the President on the Niger Delta, October 2015.
Tabel 2
Changes in Oil Revenues, PAP Budget and Militant Attacks.
| Year | Value of Oil Export (US$ Millions) | Oil Price (US$) | Amnesty Programme (US$) | Militant Attacks | Oil Production Output (thousands of barrels per day) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 99,878 | 87.04 | 531,720,080 | 0 | 2,550 |
| 2012 | 96,905 | 86.46 | 478,557,496 | 0 | 2,520 |
| 2013 | 97,818 | 91.17 | 407,942,541 | 0 | 2,367 |
| 2014 | 82,586 | 85.60 | 407,942,541 | 0 | 2,423 |
| 2015 | 45,365 | 41.85 | 378,918,705 | 0 | 2,317 |
| 2016 | 34,704 | 36.34 | 280,612,245 | 51 | 2,053 |
[i] Source: Authors’ calculations.
Tabel 3
Challenges and Shortcomings of Nigeria’s PAP.
| Micro-level | Meso-level | Macro-level |
|---|---|---|
| Strong financial incentives to stay in programme | Training provided is unsuitable for regional and individual context | Funding for PAP is based on oil revenues → volatility of oil prices makes funding insecure and risky |
| Prestige associated with enrolment in the PAP | Corruption and abuse of PAP funds | Socio-economic environment is generally poor — few employment opportunities for both ex-militants and ordinary civilians → risk of joining new militia groups (violence pays) |
| High stipend means very few jobs available that offer the same level of income | ||
| Stipend payment has set a precedent for other young people (i.e., violence is rewarding) |
[i] Source: Authors.