Table 1
Demographic Characteristics of Pediatric Residents (N = 475).
| CHARACTERISTIC | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Ethnoracial Group1: | |
| Asian | 109 (22.9%) |
| URiM2 | 82 (17.3%) |
| White | 268 (56.4%) |
| Other/Decline | 16 (3.4%) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 336 (70.7%) |
| Male | 132 (27.8%) |
| Trans/Other | 7 (1.5%) [too small to analyze] |
| Intersectional Group | |
| URiM Female | 59 (13.0%) |
| Asian Female | 81 (17.8%) |
| White Female | 187 (41.2%) |
[i] URiM = underrepresented in medicine.
1 Residents could self-identify as more than one.
2 Includes African American or Black, Hispanic, Native American or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
Table 2a
Time to Event Analysis of Supervision Levels 3, 4, 5 for EPAs (4, 5, 10, 15, and 16) by Demographic Group.
| DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP | SUPERVISION SCALE LEVEL 3 | SUPERVISION SCALE LEVEL 4 | SUPERVISION SCALE LEVEL 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESTIMATE | MODEL COEFFICIENT [95% CI] | p-VALUE | ESTIMATE | MODEL COEFFICIENT [95% CI] | p-VALUE | ESTIMATE | MODEL COEFFICIENT [95% CI] | p-VALUE | |
| Ethnoracial Group1 | |||||||||
| URiM2 [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Asian | –0.00 | –0.35 – 0.34 | 0.10 | –.014 | –0.50 – 0.22 | 0.45 | –0.72 | –1.21 – –0.22 | 0.01 |
| White | –0.00 | –0.29 – 0.28 | 0.98 | 0.00 | –0.28 – 0.28 | 0.99 | –0.23 | –0.62 – 0.15 | 0.23 |
| Sex: | |||||||||
| Female [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Male | 0.23 | –0.07 – 0.52 | 0.16 | 0.00 | –0.30 – 0.31 | 0.98 | –0.25 | –0.66 – 0.16 | 0.24 |
| Intersectional Group | |||||||||
| URiM Female [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Asian Female | –0.26 | –0.66 – 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.14 | –0.27 – 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.68 | 0.12 – 1.25 | 0.02 |
| White Female | –0.20 | –0.54 – 0.13 | 0.23 | –0.05 | –0.39 – 0.28 | 0.76 | 0.18 | –0.28 – 0.64 | 0.44 |
[i] URiM = underrepresented in medicine; CI = confidence interval.
1 Residents could self-identify as more than one.
2 Includes African American or Black, Hispanic, Native American or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
Table 2b
Time to Event Analysis: Milestones Levels 3, 4, 5 for All Milestones (Interpersonal Communication Skills (ICS), Medical Knowledge (MK), Practice-Based Learning and Improvement (PBLI), Patient Care (PC), Professionalism (PROF), System-based Practice (SBP) by Demographic Group.
| DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP | MILESTONE LEVEL 3 | MILESTONE LEVEL 4 | MILESTONE LEVEL 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESTIMATE | MODEL COEFFICIENT [95% CI] | p-VALUE | ESTIMATE | MODEL COEFFICIENT [95% CI] | p-VALUE | ESTIMATE | MODEL COEFFICIENT [95% CI] | p-VALUE | |
| Ethnoracial Group:1 | |||||||||
| URiM2 [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Asian | 0.11 | –0.45 – 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.10 | –0.75 – 0.95 | 0.82 | –1.52 | –3.73 – 0.68 | 0.18 |
| White | 0.36 | –0.10 – 0.81 | 0.12 | 0.50 | –0.18 – 1.17 | 0.15 | 0.92 | –0.45 – 2.28 | 0.19 |
| Sex: | |||||||||
| Female [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Male | 0.29 | –0.18 – 0.76 | 0.22 | 0.30 | –0.41 – 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.53 | –0.98 – 2.03 | 0.49 |
| Intersectional Group: | |||||||||
| URiM Female [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Asian Female | –0.32 | –0.96 – 0.32 | 0.32 | –0.05 | –1.01 – 0.91 | 0.92 | 1.59 | –0.89 – 4.07 | 0.21 |
| White Female | –0.41 | –0.93 – 0.11 | 0.13 | –0.40 | –1.18 – 0.37 | 0.31 | –0.60 | –2.24 – 1.04 | 0.47 |
[i] URiM = underrepresented in medicine; CI = confidence interval.
1 Residents could self-identify as more than one.
2 Includes African American or Black, Hispanic, Native American or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
Table 3a
Growth Curve Analysis: Supervision Levels 3, 4, 5 for EPA 4, 5, 10, 15, 16 by Demographic Group.
| PGY | GROUP | EPA 4 ESTIMATE [CI] | P | EPA 5 ESTIMATE [CI] | P | EPA 10 ESTIMATE [CI] | P | EPA 15 ESTIMATE [CI] | P | EPA 16 ESTIMATE [CI] | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fall | Asian Female | 5.18 [4.66, 5.70] | 0.36 | 4.26 [3.24, 5.29] | 0.18 | 3.23 [2.32, 4.13] | 0.55 | 2.03 [1.34, 2.72] | 0.23 | 4.17 [3.26, 5.09] | 0.245 |
| Asian Male | 5.44 [4.54, 6.34] | 0.27 | 3.30 [1.74, 4.86] | 0.66 | 4.44 [3.04, 5.84] | 0.035 | 3.24 [2.06, 4.42] | 0.007 | 4.72 [3.42, 6.03] | 0.10 | |
| URiM Female | 4.85 [4.38, 5.32] | 0.83 | 3.74 [2.77, 4.71] | 0.81 | 3.35 [2.49, 4.20] | 0.35 | 1.95 [1.31, 2.59] | 0.29 | 4.27 [3.39, 5.14] | 0.13 | |
| URiM Male | 4.81 [3.96, 5.65] | 0.81 | 4.39 [2.92, 5.87] | 0.30 | 3.37 [2.05, 4.69] | 0.55 | 2.14 [1.05, 3.24] | 0.33 | 4.04 [2.81, 5.28] | 0.60 | |
| White Female | 4.83 [4.46, 5.20] | 0.71 | 3.66 [2.81, 4.52] | 0.93 | 3.11 [2.37, 3.85] | 0.68 | 1.88 [1.36, 2.40] | 0.29 | 4.04 [3.24, 4.84] | 0.30 | |
| White Male | 4.91 [4.44, 5.39] | 3.64 [2.66, 4.61] | 2.98 [2.12, 3.83] | 1.58 [0.94, 2.23] | 3.75 [2.86, 4.63] | ||||||
| Spring | Asian Female | 7.79 [7.23, 8.35] | 0.32 | 6.69 [5.70, 7.67] | 0.21 | 6.97 [6.12, 7.83] | 0.82 | 8.15 [7.48, 8.82] | 0.43 | 7.89 [6.99, 8.79] | 0.65 |
| Asian Male | 7.83 [6.92, 8.74] | 0.44 | 5.16 [3.79, 6.53] | 0.18 | 6.69 [5.51, 7.86] | 0.52 | 7.05 [6.02, 8.09] | 0.013 | 7.46 [6.28, 8.63] | 0.64 | |
| URiM Female | 7.11 [6.39, 7.82] | 0.44 | 5.89 [4.74, 7.04] | 0.75 | 6.45 [5.46, 7.45] | 0.21 | 8.80 [7.96, 9.64] | 0.47 | 6.53 [5.52, 7.55] | 0.010 | |
| URiM Male | 7.28 [6.25, 8.32] | 0.80 | 6.59 [5.09, 8.10] | 0.49 | 7.22 [5.93, 8.50] | 0.82 | 8.65 [7.51, 9.80] | 0.76 | 7.38 [6.11, 8.66] | 0.58 | |
| White Female | 7.84 [7.40, 8.29] | 0.20 | 6.24 [5.36, 7.13] | 0.69 | 6.76 [6.00, 7.52] | 0.40 | 8.54 [7.98, 9.10] | 0.83 | 7.40 [6.57, 8.22] | 0.35 | |
| White Male | 7.43 [6.85, 8.02] | 6.08 [5.06, 7.09] | 7.07 [6.19, 7.94] | 8.46 [7.76, 9.17] | 7.71 [6.80, 8.63] |
[i] URiM = underrepresented in medicine (Includes African American or Black, Hispanic, Native American or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander); CI = confidence interval.
Table 3b
Growth Curve Analysis of Milestones Levels for all Competencies (Interpersonal Communication Skills (ICS), Medical Knowledge (MK), Practice-Based Learning and Improvement (PBLI), Patient Care (PC), Professionalism (PROF), System-based Practice (SBP) by Demographic Group.
| GROUP | ICSESTIMATE [CI] | P | MKESTIMATE [CI] | P | PBLIESTIMATE [CI] | P | PCESTIMATE [CI] | P | PROFESTIMATE [CI] | P | SBPESTIMATE [CI] | P | AVGESTIMATE [CI] | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnoracial Group:¹ | ||||||||||||||
| White [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| URiM² | –0.43 [–0.85,–0.02] | 0.04 | 3.06 [(–5.44 – 11.56)] | 0.48 | –1.57 [(–13.02 – 9.87)] | 0.79 | –3.89 [(–11.95 – 4.17)] | 0.34 | 0.00 [(–9.47 – 9.48)] | 0.99 | 0.78 [(–5.76 – 7.32)] | 0.82 | –0.36 [(–7.04 – 6.32)] | 0.92 |
| Asian | –2.13 [(–12.69 – 8.42)] | 0.69 | –5.31 [(–14.02 – 3.41)] | 0.23 | –7.56 [(–19.11 – 3.99)] | 0.20 | –5.31 [(–13.67 – 3.05)] | 0.21 | 0.41 [(–9.25 – 10.07)] | 0.93 | –0.32 [–0.56, –0.08] | 0.008 | –3.64 [(–10.54 – 3.26)] | 0.30 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||
| Male [reference] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Female | 2.58 [(–2.67 – 7.82)] | 0.34 | 0.82 [(–3.62 – 5.26)] | 0.72 | –2.26 [(–8.25 – 3.73)] | 0.46 | 0.32 [(–3.81 – 4.46)] | 0.88 | 2.07 [(–2.86 – 6.99)] | 0.41 | –0.14 [(–3.53 – 3.25)] | 0.94 | 0.77 [(–2.65 – 4.18)] | 0.66 |
| Intersectional Group: | ||||||||||||||
| URiM Female | –6.06 [(–17.82 – 5.70)] | 0.31 | –6.39 [(–16.32 – 3.54)] | 0.21 | 3.45 [(–9.93 – 16.83)] | 0.61 | 1.98 [(–7.36 – 11.33)] | 0.68 | –1.56 [(–12.62 – 9.50)] | 0.78 | –0.86 [(–8.47 – 6.75)] | 0.82 | –1.21 [(–8.97 – 6.55)] | 0.76 |
| Asian Female | –2.49 [(–14.47 – 9.49)] | 0.68 | 3.94 [(–6.00 – 13.87)] | 0.44 | 5.94 [(–7.26 – 19.15)] | 0.38 | 2.13 [(–7.37 – 11.62)] | 0.66 | –2.96 [(–13.98 – 8.05)] | 0.60 | 2.60 [(–5.10 – 10.30)] | 0.51 | 1.21 [(–6.63 – 9.04)] | 0.76 |
[i] URiM = underrepresented in medicine (Includes African American or Black, Hispanic, Native American or Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander); CI = confidence interval.