References
- Frank JR, Snell LS, Ten Cate O, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Med Teach. 2010; 32: 638–45. DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.501190
- Van Melle E, Frank JR, Holmboe ES, Dagnone D, Stockley D, Sherbino J. International Competency-based Medical Education Collaborators. A core components framework for evaluating implementation of competency-based medical education programs. Acad Med. 2019; 94: 1002–9. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002743
- Frank JR, Jabbour M, Tugwell P. The Societal Needs Working Group. Skills for the new millennium: Report of the Societal Needs Working Group. CanMEDS 2000 Project. Ann R Coll Phys Surg Can. 1996; 29: 206–16.
- Frank JR.
The CanMEDS project . In: Dinsdale HB, Hurteau G, (eds.), The Evolution of Specialty Medicine. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2004. - Frank JR., (ed.) The CanMEDS 2005 Physician Competency Framework. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2005.
- Frank JR, Danoff D. The CanMEDS initiative: implementing an outcomes-based framework of physician competencies. Med. Teach. 2007; 29: 642–7. DOI: 10.1080/01421590701746983
- Frank JR, Snell L, Sherbino J. (eds.) CanMEDS 2015 Physician Competency Framework. Ottawa: Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada; 2015.
- Nasca TJ, Philibert I, Brigham T, Flynn TC. The next GME accreditation system-rationale and benefits. NEJM. 2012; 366: 1051–6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsr1200117
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Outcome Project. Chicago: ACGME.
www.acgme.org/outcome . - Swing SR. The ACGME outcome project: retrospective and prospective. Med Teach. 2007; 29: 648–54. DOI: 10.1080/01421590701392903
- Ten Cate O, Chen HC, Hoff RG, Peters H, Bok H, van der Schaaf M. Curriculum development for the workplace using entrustable professional activities (EPAs): AMEE Guide No. 99. Med Teach. 2015; 37: 983–1002. DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2015.1060308
- Ten Cate O. Nuts and bolts of entrustable professional activities. J Grad Med Educ. 2013; 5(1): 157–8. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-12-00380.1
- Scheele F, Teunissen P, van Luijk S, et al. Introducing competency-based postgraduate medical education in the Netherlands. Med Teach. 2008; 30: 248–53. DOI: 10.1080/01421590801993022
- de Graaf J, Bolk M, Dijkstra A, van der Horst M, Hoff RG, ten Cate O. The Implementation of Entrustable Professional Activities in Postgraduate Medical Education in the Netherlands: Rationale, Process, and Current Status. Acad Med. 2021; 96(7S): S29–S35. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000004110
- Ellaway RH, Mackay MP, Lee S, et al. The impact of a national competency-based medical education initiative in family medicine. Acad Med. 2018; 93: 1850–7. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002387
- Oandasan I. Advancing Canada’s family medicine curriculum: Triple C. Can Fam Phys. 2011; 57(6): 739–40.
- The Triple-C Competency-based Curriculum.
https://www.cfpc.ca/en/education-professional-development/educational-frameworks-and-reference-guides/triple-c-competency-based-curriculum . Accessed November 25, 2023. - Nousiainen MT, Mironova P, Hynes M, et al. Eight-year outcomes of a competency-based residency training program in orthopedic surgery. Med Teach. 2018; 40: 1042–54. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2017.1421751
- Incoll I, Atkin J, Owen J, Kean A, Khorshid O, Cosenza A, Frank JR. Australian orthopaedic surgery training: Australian Orthopaedic Association’s strategic education review. ANZ J Surg. 2020; 90(6): 997–1003. DOI: 10.1111/ans.15609
- Anema MG, McCoy J.
Competency-based Nursing education . New York: Springer Publishing; 2010. - Matthew SM, Bok HGJ, Chaney KP, et al. Collaborative development of a shared framework for competency-based veterinary education. J Vet Med Ed. 2020; 47(5): 578–93. DOI: 10.3138/jvme.2019-0082
- Hamza DM, Hauer KE, Oswald A, et al. Making sense of competency-based medical education (CBME) literary conversations: A BEME scoping review: BEME Guide No. 78. Med Teach 2023; 45(8): 802–15. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2023.2168525
- Holmboe ES, Sherbino J, Englander R, Snell L, Frank JR, ICBME Collaborators. A call to action: the controversy of and rationale for competency-based medical education. Med Teach. 2017; 39(6): 574–81. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2017.1315067
- Boyd VA, Whitehead CR, Thille P, Ginsburg S, Brydges R, Kuper A. Competency-based medical education: the discourse of infallibility. Med Educ. 2017; 52: 45–57. DOI: 10.1111/medu.13467
- Brydges R, Boyd VA, Tavares W, et al. Assumptions about competency-based medical education and the state of the underlying evidence: a critical narrative review. Acad Med. 2021; 96: 296–306. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003781
- Hall AK, Rich J, Dagnone JD, et al. It’s a marathon, not a sprint: rapid evaluation of a competency-based medical education program implementation. Acad Med. 2020; 95(5): 786–93. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003040
- Van Melle E, Hall AK, Schumacher DJ, et al. Capturing outcomes of competency-based medical education: the call and the challenge. Med Teach. 2021; 43(7): 794–800. DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2021.1925640
- The International CBME Collaborators.
Implementation of CBME: A Typology of International Programs . Unpublished manuscript. Ottawa: ICBMEC; 2021. - Frank JR, Karpinski J, Sherbino J, Snell L, Atkinson A, Oswald A, et al. Competence By Design: a transformational national model of time-variable competency-based postgraduate medical education. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 201–223. DOI: 10.5334/pme.1096
- Karpinski J, Stewart J, Oswald A, Dalseg TR, Atkinson A, Frank JR. Competency-Based Medical Education at Scale: A Road Map for Transforming National Systems of Postgraduate Medical Education. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 24–32. DOI: 10.5334/pme.957
- Richardson D, Landreville JM, Trier J, et al. Coaching in Competence by Design: A New Model of Coaching in the Moment and Coaching Over Time to Support Large Scale Implementation. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 33–43. DOI: 10.5334/pme.959
- Cheung WJ, Bhanji F, Gofton W, et al. Design and Implementation of a National Program of Assessment Model – Integrating Entrustable Professional Activity Assessments in Canadian Specialist Postgraduate Medical Education. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 44–55. DOI: 10.5334/pme.956
- Oswald A, Dubois D, Snell L, et al. Implementing Competence Committees on a National Scale: Design and Lessons Learned. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 56–67. DOI: 10.5334/pme.961
- Bhanji F, Naik V, Skoll A, et al. Competence by Design: The Role of High-Stakes Examinations in a Competence Based Medical Education System. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 68–74. DOI: 10.5334/pme.965
- Dalseg TR, Thoma B, Wycliffe-Jones K, Frank JR, Taber S. Enabling Implementation of Competency Based Medical Education through an Outcomes-Focused Accreditation System. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 75–84. DOI: 10.5334/pme.963
- Atkinson AR, Abbott C, Oswald A, et al. Strategies to Enable Transformation in Medical Education: Faculty and Trainee Development in Competence By Design. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 85–94. DOI: 10.5334/pme.960
- Hall AK, Oswald A, Frank JR, et al. Evaluating Competence by Design as a Large System Change Initiative: Readiness, Fidelity, and Outcomes. Perspect Med Educ. 2024; 13(1): 95–107. DOI: 10.5334/pme.962
- Ott MC, Pack R, Cristancho S, Chin M, Van Koughnett JA, Ott M. “The most crushing thing”: understanding resident assessment burden in a competency-based curriculum. J Grad Med Ed. 2022; 14(5): 583–92. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-22-00050.1
- Ahn E, Ladonna KA, Landreville JM, Mcheimech R, Cheung WJ. Only as strong as the weakest link: resident perspectives on entrustable professional activities and their impact on learning. J Grad Med Ed. 2023; 15(6): 676–84. DOI: 10.4300/JGME-D-23-00204.1
