Figure 1
Hypothesized theoretical model.
Table 1
Fit indices for measurement models. Note. N = 509. Jppa = passive procedural justice; Jpac = active procedural justice; Jdis = distributive justice; Jinter = interpersonal justice; Jinfo = informational justice; χ2 = Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square; df = degrees of freedom; NNFI = Non-Normed Fit Index; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA = Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation; Δχ2 = chi-square difference tests between the eleven-factor model and alternative models. ***p < .001.
| Models | χ2 | df | χ2 / df | NNFI | CFI | RMSEA | Δχ2 (Δdf) | Model comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11-factor model | 1071.14*** | 440 | 2.43 | .97 | .98 | .05 | –– | –– |
| 2 | 10-factor model : Jpac with Jppa | 1736.50*** | 450 | 3.86 | .94 | .95 | .08 | 665.36(10)*** | 1 VS 2 |
| 3 | 10-factor model : Jpac with Jdis | 2141.46*** | 450 | 4.76 | .93 | .94 | .09 | 1070.32(10)*** | 1 VS 3 |
| 4 | 10-factor model : Jpac with Jinter | 2807.16*** | 450 | 6.24 | .91 | .92 | .10 | 1736.02(10)*** | 1 VS 4 |
| 5 | 10-factor model : Jpac with Jinfo | 2273.44*** | 450 | 5.05 | .93 | .94 | .010 | 1202.30(10)*** | 1 VS 5 |
| 6 | 10-factor model : Jppa with Jdis | 1430.25*** | 450 | 3.18 | .96 | .97 | .07 | 359.11(10)*** | 1 VS 6 |
| 7 | 10-factor model : Jppa with Jinter | 1739.61*** | 450 | 3.86 | .95 | .96 | .08 | 668.47(10)*** | 1 VS 7 |
| 8 | 10-factor model : Jppa with Jinfo | 1568.36*** | 450 | 3.48 | .95 | .96 | .07 | 497.22(10)*** | 1 VS 8 |
| 9 | 10-factor model : Jdis with Jinter | 2658.59*** | 450 | 5.91 | .91 | .93 | .11 | 1587.45(10)*** | 1 VS 9 |
| 10 | 10-factor model : Jdis with Jinfo | 2015.60*** | 450 | 4.48 | .94 | .95 | .09 | 944.46(10)*** | 1 VS 10 |
| 11 | 10-factor model : Jinter with Jinfo | 1259.75*** | 450 | 2.80 | .97 | .97 | .06 | 188.61(10)*** | 1 VS 11 |
Table 2
Descriptive statistics and inter-correlations among variables. Note. N = 509. POS = perceived organizational support; NegWHI = negative work-home interference. Correlations among variables are provided below the diagonal and Cronbach’s alphas are provided on the diagonal. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. Absence of means and standard deviations for rhythm of work, age, presence of children between 6–12 years old, and overtime because the answers were beforehand categorized in the questionnaire.
| Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhythm of work | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Age | – | – | −.11* | – | ||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Number of children | 1.21 | 1.05 | −.28*** | .40*** | – | |||||||||||||||
| 4 | Children of 6–12 years old | – | – | −.06 | .02 | .34*** | – | ||||||||||||||
| 5 | Organizational tenure | 12.90 | 9.19 | −.11* | .78*** | .39*** | .12** | – | |||||||||||||
| 6 | Tenure in the department | 9.52 | 8.35 | −.04 | .60*** | .24*** | .05 | .76*** | – | ||||||||||||
| 7 | Overtime | – | – | .04 | −.02 | −.04 | −.04 | .08 | .05 | – | |||||||||||
| 8 | Active procedural justice 1 | 2.19 | .93 | .01 | −.03 | −.08 | −.07 | -.02 | −.13** | −.04 | (.91) | ||||||||||
| 9 | Passive procedural justice 1 | 2.84 | .71 | −.04 | −.07 | −.01 | −.13** | -.08 | −.08 | −.10* | .38*** | (.86) | |||||||||
| 10 | Distributive justice 1 | 2.65 | .78 | −.07 | −.07 | .02 | −.06 | -.07 | −.15** | −.15*** | .43*** | .58*** | (.92) | ||||||||
| 11 | Interpersonal justice 1 | 3.40 | .73 | −.07 | −.06 | .07 | .02 | -.05 | −.09 | −.10* | .25*** | .40*** | .35*** | (.92) | |||||||
| 12 | Informational justice 1 | 3.06 | .71 | −.02 | −.05 | .00 | −.01 | -.05 | −.07 | −.16*** | .34*** | .48*** | .49*** | .78*** | (.90) | ||||||
| 13 | POS1 | 2.56 | .64 | −.06 | −.05 | −.02 | −.03 | -.07 | −.14** | −.16*** | .35*** | .45*** | .46*** | .43*** | .49*** | (.86) | |||||
| 14 | NegWHI2 | 1.01 | .60 | .14** | −.06 | −.11** | −.06 | -.01 | −.01 | .33*** | −.11* | −.34*** | −.37*** | −.27*** | −.29*** | −.35*** | (.90) | ||||
| 15 | Job engagement3 | 2.80 | .48 | −.03 | −.05 | .01 | −.05 | -.10* | −.07 | .01 | .10* | .17*** | .07 | .20*** | .19*** | .25*** | −.13** | (.78) | |||
| 16 | Job strain3 | 1.80 | .52 | .06 | −.04 | −.14** | −.07 | .02 | .04 | .21*** | −.15*** | −.30*** | −.32*** | −.28*** | −.29*** | −.31*** | .68*** | −.23*** | (.86) | ||
| 17 | Job satisfaction1 | 3.52 | .90 | −.03 | −.05 | .06 | .02 | -.06 | −.07 | −.18*** | .20*** | .34*** | .33*** | .32*** | .36*** | .40*** | −.49*** | .47*** | −.56*** | (.89) | |
| 18 | Intention to quit1 | 2.16 | .98 | .05 | −.19*** | −.18*** | −.07 | -.15*** | −.07 | .20*** | −.13** | −.21*** | −.23*** | −.28*** | −.29*** | −.33*** | .43*** | −.25*** | .45*** | −.57*** | (.91) |
[i] 1 Ranges from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
2 Ranges from 0 (never) to 3 (always).
3 Ranges from 1 (never) to 4 (always).
Table 3
Fit indices for structural models. Note. N = 509. Jppa = passive procedural justice; Jpac = active procedural justice; Jdis = distributive justice; Jinter = interpersonal justice; Jinfo = informational justice; POS = perceived organizational support; NegWHI = negative work-home interference; OJ = organizational justice; χ2 = Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square; df = degrees of freedom; NNFI = Non-Normed Fit Index; CFI = Comparative Fit Index; RMSEA = Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation. ***p < .001.
| Models | χ2 | df | χ2 / df | NNFI | CFI | RMSEA | Δχ2 (Δdf) | Model comparisons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: theoretical model (with Jpac and Jppa separated) | 2427.42 | 690 | 3.52 | .94 | .95 | .07 | – | – |
| Model 2: Model 1 + Path between POS and job satisfaction | 2411.16 | 689 | 3.50 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 16.26(1)*** | Model 1 vs Model 2 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + Path between POS and job engagement | 2399.33 | 688 | 3.49 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 11.83(1)*** | Model 2 vs Model 3 |
| Model 4: Model 3 + Path between POS and intention to quit | 2372.30 | 687 | 3.45 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 27.03(1)*** | Model 3 vs Model 4 |
| Model 5: Model 4 + Path between POS and job strain | 2368.66 | 686 | 3.45 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 3.64(1) | Model 4 vs Model 5 |
| Model 6: Model 4 + Path between Jppa and NegWHI | 2360.21 | 686 | 3.44 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 12.09(1)*** | Model 4 vs Model 6 |
| Model 7: Model 6 + Path between Jdis and NegWHI | 2346.99 | 685 | 3.43 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 13.22(1)*** | Model 6 vs Model 7 |
| Model 8: Model 7 + Path between Jppac and NegWHI | 2344.08 | 684 | 3.43 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 2.91(1) | Model 7 vs Model 8 |
| Model 9: Model 7 + Path between Jinter and NegWHI | 2345.48 | 684 | 3.43 | .94 | .95 | .07 | 1.51(1) | Model 7 vs Model 9 |
| Model 10: Model 7 + Path between Jinfo and NegWHI | 2346.25 | 684 | 3.43 | .94 | .95 | .07 | .74(1) | Model 7 vs Model 10 |
Figure 2
Completely standardized path coefficients for the retained model (Model 7). For the sake of clarity, only structural relationships are shown. POS = perceived organizational support; NegWHI = negative work-home interference; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.
Table 4
Indirect pathways using bootstrapping (hypotheses 1 and 2). Note. N = 509. NegWHI = negative work-home interference; 10,000 bootstrap samples.
| Indirect effect: x → m → y | Bootstrapping | Percentile 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect | SE | Lower | Upper | |
| Active procedural justice → Perceived organizational support → NegWHI | −.0125 | .0058 | −.0274 | −.0036 |
| Passive procedural justice → Perceived organizational support → NegWHI | −.0225 | .0099 | −.0481 | −.0077 |
| Distributive justice → Perceived organizational support → NegWHI | −.0211 | .0097 | −.0453 | −.0065 |
| Interpersonal justice → Perceived organizational support → NegWHI | −.0155 | .0095 | −.0388 | −.0009 |
| Informational justice → Perceived organizational support → NegWHI | −.0263 | .0121 | −.0564 | −.0077 |
| Perceived organizational support → NegWHI → Job engagement | .0093 | .0070 | −.0019 | .0263 |
| Perceived organizational support → NegWHI → Job strain | −.0848 | .0256 | −.1375 | −.0374 |
| Perceived organizational support → NegWHI → Job satisfaction | .0858 | .0280 | .0368 | .1477 |
| Perceived organizational support à NegWHI à Intention to quit | −.0782 | .0264 | −.1368 | −.0331 |
Table 5
Indirect pathways using bootstrapping (Ancillary analyses: double mediation). Note. N = 509. POS = perceived organizational support; NegWHI = negative work-home interference; SE = Standard Error; CI=Confidence Interval; 10,000 bootstrap samples.
| Indirect effect: x → m1 → m2 → y | Bootstrapping | Percentile 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect | SE | Lower | Upper | |
| Active procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Job engagement | .0008 | .0007 | −.0001 | .0027 |
| Active procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Job strain | −.0069 | .0033 | −.0153 | −.0019 |
| Active procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Job satisfaction | .0069 | .0034 | .0020 | .0162 |
| Active procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Intention to quit | −.0063 | .0032 | −.0151 | −.0018 |
| Passive procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Job engagement | .0014 | .0011 | −.0001 | .0049 |
| Passive procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Job strain | −.0124 | .0056 | −.0264 | −.0039 |
| Passive procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Job satisfaction | .0125 | .0058 | .0042 | .0276 |
| Passive procedural justice → POS → NegWHI → Intention to quit | −.0114 | .0055 | −.0269 | −.0036 |
| Distributive justice → POS → NegWHI → Job engagement | .0013 | .0011 | −.0001 | .0047 |
| Distributive justice → POS → NegWHI → Job strain | −.0117 | .0056 | −.0255 | −.0033 |
| Distributive justice → POS → NegWHI → Job satisfaction | .0118 | .0058 | .0036 | .0271 |
| Distributive justice → POS → NegWHI → Intention to quit | −.0108 | .0054 | −.0248 | −.0030 |
| Interpersonal justice → POS → NegWHI → Job engagement | .0009 | .0009 | −.0001 | .0041 |
| Interpersonal justice → POS → NegWHI → Job strain | -.0085 | .0055 | −.0225 | −.0004 |
| Interpersonal justice → POS → NegWHI → Job satisfaction | .0086 | .0056 | .0007 | .0236 |
| Interpersonal justice → POS → NegWHI → Intention to quit | −.0079 | .0051 | −.0217 | −.0003 |
| Informational justice → POS → NegWHI → Job engagement | .0016 | .0014 | −.0001 | .0059 |
| Informational justice → POS → NegWHI → Job strain | −.0145 | .0068 | −.0326 | −.0045 |
| Informational justice → POS → NegWHI → Job satisfaction | .0147 | .0070 | .0046 | .0340 |
| Informational justice → POS → NegWHI → Intention to quit | −.0134 | .0066 | −.0318 | −.0042 |