Perseus and the Open-Source Ecosystem of Greco-Roman Studies
By: Gregory Crane, Alison Babeu and David A. Smith
References
- Arnold, F., Jäschke, R., & Kraut, P. (2025). Advances and challenges in the automatic identification of indirect quotations in scholarly texts and literary works. In M. Hämäläinen, E. Öhman, Y. Bizzoni, S. Miyagawa, & K. Alnajjar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Natural Language Processing for Digital Humanities (pp. 179–190).
Association for Computational Linguistics .https://aclanthology.org/2025.nlp4dh-1.15/ - Bagnall, R. (2010). Integrating digital papyrology. Online Humanities Scholarship: The Shape of Things to Come.
https://hdl.handle.net/2451/29592 - Bamman, D., & Crane, G. (2007). The Latin Dependency Treebank in a cultural heritage digital library. Proceedings of the Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage Data, LaTeCH@ACL 2007. Prague, Czech Republic,
June 28, 2007 (pp. 33–40).Association for Computational Linguistics .https://aclanthology.org/W07-0905/ - Bamman, D., & Crane, G. (2010). Corpus Linguistics, Treebanks and the Reinvention of Philology. Informatik, 2010, 542–551.
- Bamman, D., & Crane, G. (2011).
The Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebanks . In C. Sporleder, A. van den Bosch, & K. Zervanou (Eds.), Language Technology for Cultural Heritage (pp. 79–98). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.https://hdl.handle.net/10427/75560 - Beatson, B. W. (1830). Index in tragicos graecos v. 3. W.P. Grant.
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044025675752 - Beine, J. J., Fischer, F., & Illmer, V. J. (2024, August 6). Just the type: Analysing character typology in Roman comedy with RomDraCor. Proceedings of DH2024: “Reinvention & Responsibility.” 10.5281/zenodo.13801481
- Berti, M. (2019). Digital Classical Philology: Ancient Greek and Latin in the digital revolution. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 10.1515/9783110599572
- Brunner, T. F. (1991). The Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: Classics and the computer. Library Hi Tech, 9(1), 61–67.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/123828.123843 - Buchanan, S. A. (2015). The emerging tradition of digital classics. Annual Review of Cultural Heritage Informatics: 2014, 149–164. 10.5040/9798216428367.ch-0010
- Cargnelutti, R., et al. (2025). Institutional Books 1.0 (IB1) [Dataset]. Harvard Law School Library.
https://huggingface.co/datasets/institutional/institutional-books-hl - Celano, G. G. A. (2024). Opera Graeca Adnotata: Building a 34M+ token multilayer corpus for Ancient Greek.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.00739 - Christensen, J. P. (2022). Digital classics. TAPA, 152(1), 43–54. 10.1353/apa.2022.0005
- Crane, G. (1991). Generating and parsing Classical Greek. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 6(4), 243–245. 10.1093/llc/6.4.243
- Crane, G. (2002). Don’t miss the lexicographers for the treebanks: Philology in an electronic age. Conference on the Cambridge Greek Lexicon.
https://www.academia.edu/82054421/Dont_miss_the_lexicographers_for_the_treebanks_Philology_in_an_electronic_age . - Crane, G. (2016). Greco-Roman Studies in a digital age. Daedalus, 145(2), 127–133. 10.1162/DAED_a_00383
- Crane, G., Babeu, A., & Shamsian, F. (2025). Greek, Latin and augmented intelligence: The other AI. The Classical Review, 1–16. 10.1017/S0009840X25000356
- Crane, G., Bamman, D., Cerrato, L., Jones, A., Mimno, D., Packel, A., Sculley, D., & Weaver, G. (2006).
Beyond digital incunabula: modeling the next generation of digital libraries . In J. Gonzalo, C. Thanos, M. F. Verdejo, & R. C. Carrasco (Eds.), Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (Vol. 4172, pp. 353–366). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 10.1007/11863878_30 - Dué, C., & Ebbott, M. (2019).
The Homer Multitext within the history of access to Homeric Epic . In M. Berti (Ed.), Digital Classical Philology: Ancient Greek and Latin in the Digital Revolution (pp. 239–256). De Gruyter Saur. 10.1515/9783110599572-014 - Ernst-Gerlach, A., & Crane, G. (2008). Identifying quotations in reference works and primary materials. Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 78–87. 10.1007/978-3-540-87599-4_9
- Farina, A., Marongiu, P., Bru, M., & Borkowski, D. (2025). When data meets the past: data collection, sharing, and reuse in Ancient World Studies. Open Information Science, 9(1), 20250014. 10.1515/opis-2025-0014
- Fischer, F., Börner, I., Göbel, M., Hechtl, A., Kittel, C., Milling, C., & Trilcke, P. (2019, July 9). Programmable Corpora: Introducing DraCor, an Infrastructure for the Digital Study of Drama. Proceedings of the Digital Humanities 2019 (DH2019). 10.5281/zenodo.4284002
- Forstall, C., Finkmann, S., & Verhelst, B. (2022b). Open Access Database—DICES: Digital Initiative for Classics: Epic Speeches [Dataset]. University of Rostock.
https://www.dices.uni-rostock.de/en/open-access-database/ - Forstall, C., & Verhelst, B. (Eds.) (2026). Direct speech in Greek and Latin epic: Expanding the methods and canon. Brill. 10.1163/9789004750227
- Forstall, C. W., Finkmann, S., & Verhelst, B. (2022). Towards a linked open data resource for direct speech acts in Greek and Latin epic. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 37(4), 972–981. 10.1093/llc/fqac006
- Heslin, P. (2007). Diogenes, a tool for searching and browsing the databases of ancient texts. Version 4.7.2
https://d.iogen.es/d/ - Homer. (1951). The Iliad of Homer (R. Lattimore, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
- Homer. (1967). The Odyssey of Homer (R. Lattimore, Trans.). Harper & Row.
- Keersmaekers, A., Pietowski, F., Van Hal, T., & Depauw, M. (2024). The Browser-based GLAUx Treebank infrastructure: Framework, functionality, and future. Cybernetics and Information Technologies, 24(4), 164–174. 10.2478/cait-2024-0041
- Köntges, T., Lesage, R., Robertson, B., Sellick, J., & Stylianopoulos, L. W. (2019). Open Greek and Latin: Digital humanities in an open collaboration with pedagogy. IFLA WLIC 2019- Athens, Greece – Libraries: Dialogue for Change.
https://repository.ifla.org/handle/20.500.14598/6602 - LaMonica, C. R., & Foka, A. (Eds.). (2025). Evolving perspectives on Digital Classics. Routledge. 10.4324/9781003584155
- Mambrini, F. (2025). Daphne: The Daphne treebank repository of Ancient Greek poetry (Version [insert version if known]) [Computer software]. GitHub.
https://github.com/francescomambrini/Daphne - Middle, S. (2024).
Linked Ancient World Data: Implementation, advantages, and barriers . Digital Classics Online, Bd. 10, 16–49 Seiten. 10.11588/DCO.2024.10.104105 - Packard, D. W. (1968). A concordance to Livy. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
- Palladino, C., Shamsian, F., & Yousef, T. (2022). Using parallel corpora to evaluate translations of ancient Greek literary texts: An application of text alignment for digital philology research. Journal of Computational Literary Studies, 1(1). 10.48694/jcls.100
- Passarotti, M. (2026).
From data to knowledge (towards wisdom) in linguistic computing for ancient languages . In P. d’Hoine, D. Kohler, & W. Decock (Eds.), Lectio (pp. 77–98). Brepols Publishers. 10.1484/M.LECTIO-EB.5.151803 - Perseus Digital Library. (2026). Retrieved from
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/ (last accessed: 2 June 2026). - PHI Latin Texts. (2011). Classical Latin Texts: A Resource Prepared by The Packard Humanities Institute. Retrieved from
https://latin.packhum.org/ (last accessed: 2 June 2026) - Pleiades. (2006). Pleiades hosted by the STOA Consortium. Retrieved from
https://pleiades.stoa.org/ (last accessed 3 June 2026). - Prendergast, G. (1869–1875). A concordance to the Iliad of Homer. Longman.
- Proclus, & Olympiodorus. (n.d.). Commentary on Plato’s Alcibiades. Retrieved May 14, 2026, from
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hxjfe7 - Robertson, B., & Boschetti, F. (2017). Large-scale Optical Character Recognition of Ancient Greek. Mouseion, 14(3). 10.3138/mous.14.3-3
- Sansom, S. A., & Fifield, D. (2023). SEDES: Metrical position in Greek hexameter. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 17(2).
https://dhq.digitalhumanities.org/vol/17/2/000675/000675.html - Simon, R., Barker, E., Isaksen, L., & De Soto Cañamares, P. (2017). Linked data annotation without the pointy brackets: Introducing Recogito 2. Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, 13(1), 111–132. 10.1080/15420353.2017.1307303
- Smith, D. A. (2023). Passim: A tool for detecting and analyzing text reuse. Computational Humanities Research (CHR).
- Smith, D. A., Cordell, R., & Mullen, E. B. (2015). Computational methods for uncovering reprinted texts in antebellum newspapers. American Literary History, 27(3), E1–E15. 10.1093/alh/ajv029
- Smith, D. A., & Crane, G. (2001). Disambiguating geographic names in a historical digital library. ECDL 2001: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 127–136. doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44796-2_12
- Tiepmar, J., & Heyer, G. (2017). An Overview of Canonical Text Services. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 5(2), 132–148. 10.13189/lls.2017.050209
- Vatri, A., & McGillivray, B. (2018). The Diorisis Ancient Greek corpus: Linguistics and literature. Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 55–65. 10.1163/24523666-01000013
- Yalniz, I. Z., Can, E. F., & Manmatha, R. (2011). Partial duplicate detection for large book collections. Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 469–474. 10.1145/2063576.2063647
- Yousef, T., Palladino, C., Wright, D., & Berti, M. (2022). Automatic translation alignment for Ancient Greek and Latin. Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Language Technologies for Historical and Ancient Languages, 101–107. 10.31219/osf.io/8epsy
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.595 | Journal eISSN: 2059-481X
Language: English
Submitted on: May 16, 2026
Accepted on: Aug 21, 2026
Published on: Sep 16, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2026 Gregory Crane, Alison Babeu, David A. Smith, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.