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Modelling Temporal Public Transport Systems in Wikidata: A Workflow for Integrating Historical Infrastructure Data Cover

Modelling Temporal Public Transport Systems in Wikidata: A Workflow for Integrating Historical Infrastructure Data

Open Access
|Feb 2026

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Wikidata Coverage by Modality.

MODALITYDATASET RECORDS2WITH WIKIDATA IDCOVERAGE %UNIQUE STATIONS IN WIKIDATA
S-Bahn17671767100.0%579
U-Bahn14591459100.0%482
Tram3869140436.3%923
Bus12413120.1%47
johd-12-458-g1.png
Figure 1

Berlin Tram Stations.

Table 2

Temporal Qualifier Usage on Key Properties.

PROPERTYMODALITYTOTAL STATEMENTSWITH START TIME (P580)COVERAGE %
connecting line (P81)U-Bahn602254.2%
state of use (P5817)U-Bahn49800.0%
connecting line (P81)S-Bahn25500.0%
replaces (P1365)U-Bahn600.0%
Table 3

Ghost Station Temporal Qualification.

TEMPORAL COVERAGECOUNTPERCENTAGE
With start time (P580)49.8%
With end time (P582)24.9%
With both qualifiers24.9%
No temporal qualifiers3790.2%
johd-12-458-g2.png
Figure 2

Modality & Property Heatmap.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/johd.458 | Journal eISSN: 2059-481X
Language: English
Submitted on: Nov 4, 2025
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Accepted on: Dec 20, 2025
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Published on: Feb 26, 2026
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 Noah J. Kim-Baumann, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.