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Task Difficulty Modulates the Disrupting Effects of Oral Respiration on Visual Search Performance Cover

Task Difficulty Modulates the Disrupting Effects of Oral Respiration on Visual Search Performance

Open Access
|Aug 2019

Figures & Tables

joc-2-1-77-g1.jpg
Figure 1

Experimental manipulation. A participant wearing a (a) strip of surgical tape or (b) nasal plug.

joc-2-1-77-g2.png
Figure 2

Three sample displays from Experiment 1. (a) Different colour search for target, and distractor in set size 9. (b) Different orientation search for target, and distractor in set size 31. (c) Different orientation and colour (conjunction) search for target, and distractor in set size 31.

Table 1

Mean Search Slopes (ms/item) and Intercepts (ms) with Standard Errors (in Brackets) in Experiment 1.

Slope
PresentAbsent
Breathing styleColourOrientationConjunctionColourOrientationConjunction
Control1.08 (0.54)0.39 (0.43)9.82 (1.99)0.34 (0.49)2.24 (0.94)26.46 (2.88)
Nasal0.42 (0.36)–0.53 (0.37)9.08 (1.38)0.22 (0.69)2.43 (0.60)27.31 (4.40)
Mouth0.62 (0.42)0.16 (0.49)9.40 (2.41)–0.21 (0.51)4.38 (1.09)24.27(3.73)
Intercept
Control463.68 (13.93)532.91 (21.47)626.10 (37.74)472.39 (21.53)554.87 (26.23)422.41 (36.97)
Nasal488.00 (23.45)546.03 (17.96)669.21 (36.75)513.07 (34.21)561.98 (18.16)418.3 (37.31)
Mouth483.22 (23.44)550.45 (17.41)696.56 (55.22)513.15 (32.00)572.53 (18.16)462.06 (50.82)
joc-2-1-77-g3.png
Figure 3

Mean RTs for each target-feature plotted as a function of breathing style and set size in target-present trials for Experiment 1. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

joc-2-1-77-g4.png
Figure 4

Mean RTs for each target-feature plotted as a function of breathing style and set size in target-absent trials for Experiment 1. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

joc-2-1-77-g5.png
Figure 5

Sample displays for each set size from Experiment 2. The left array of stimuli indicates the display in which the target is tilted at 6° in set size 37. The right array of stimuli indicates the display in which the target is tilted at 4° in set size 19.

Table 2

Mean Search Slopes (ms/item) and Intercepts (ms) with Standard Errors (in Brackets) in Experiment 2.

Slope
PresentAbsent
Breathing style
Control0.54 (0.54)–0.50 (0.26)0.20 (0.24)–0.25 (0.21)0.22 (0.15)–0.01 (0.09)
Nasal0.14 (0.17)–0.06 (0.17)–0.12 (0.15)0.12 (0.17)–0.02 (0.09)–0.02 (0.15)
Mouth0.25 (0.16)0.01 (0.10)0.03 (0.11)0.32(0.19)0.21 (0.11)0.14 (0.08)
Intercept
Control771.67 (45.17)688.13 (35.57)695.65 (36.68)779.52 (45.18)681.93 (33.40)643.28 (26.47)
Nasal747.04 (37.69)730.79 (37.71)645.7 (28.80)748.99 (37.22)732.79 (37.45)644.47 (29.15)
Mouth806.08 (45.81)695.65 (36.68)642.72 (30.48)805.47 (46.87)693.99 (36.09)641.74 (30.36)
joc-2-1-77-g6.png
Figure 6

Mean RTs for each orientation contrast plotted as a function of breathing style and set size in target-present trials for Experiment 2. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

joc-2-1-77-g7.png
Figure 7

Mean RTs for each orientation contrast plotted as a function of breathing style and set size in target-absent trials for Experiment 2. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.77 | Journal eISSN: 2514-4820
Language: English
Submitted on: Dec 22, 2017
Accepted on: Jul 5, 2019
Published on: Aug 2, 2019
Published by: Ubiquity Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2019 Naoto Yoshimura, Fumiya Yonemitsu, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Atsunori Ariga, Yuki Yamada, published by Ubiquity Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.