Table 1
Classifier-picture set types in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 with one example classifier–noun phrase for each type. In each set, either picture could serve as the target picture corresponding to the auditory target word.
| CLASSIFIER-PICTURE SET | CLASSIFIER | PICTURE 1 | PICTURE 2 | PICTURE 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One-congruent | Congruent | Incongruent | Incongruent | |
| a grain of | rice | furniture | newspaper | |
| 一粒 | 米 | 家具 | 报纸 | |
| yī lì | mǐ | jiā jù | bào zhǐ | |
| Two-congruent | Congruent | Congruent | Incongruent | |
| a grain of | wheat | corn | donut | |
| 一粒 | 麦子 | 玉米 | 甜甜圈 | |
| yī lì | mài zi | yù mǐ | tián tián quān | |
| None-congruent | Incongruent | Incongruent | Incongruent | |
| a grain of | clothes | cigarettes | plate | |
| 一粒 | 衣服 | 烟 | 盘子 | |
| yī lì | yī fú | yān | pán zi |
Figure 1
Illustration of procedure in a trial and the time window during phrase playing.
Note. Due to variations in the duration of different classifiers, we ensured that the interval between the onset of the classifier and the onset of the target-noun was consistently 1500 ms by inserting a variable time gap in between. All the pictures were selected from the LinguaPix database (Krautz & Keuleers, 2022) or were adapted from licensed online images. In this figure, the example stimuli are shown in English; however, the classifier was always presented in Chinese, and the noun could be either in Chinese (Experiment 1) or in English (Experiment 2).
Figure 2
Proportion of looks in Experiment 1.
Note: The first dark gray time window (0–1500 ms) represents the time window between the classifier onset and target-noun onset. The second light grey time window (1500–2280 ms) represents the time window after noun onset.
Figure 3
Proportion of looks in Experiment 2.
Note: The first dark gray time window (0–1500 ms) represents the time window between the classifier onset and target-noun onset. The second light grey time window (1500–228 ms) represents the time window after noun onset.