References
- Achich, N. 2019. ‘Uncertainty management in archaeological data: A fuzzy logic approach’. Revue Archéoinformatique, 5: 301–315.
- Achich, N, Ghorbel, F, Hamdi, F, Metais, E and Gargouri, F. 2021. ‘Dealing with uncertain and imprecise time intervals in OWL2: A possibility theory-based approach’. In: Cherfi, S, Perini, A and Nurcan, S (eds.) Research Challenges in Information Science. 15th International Conference, RCIS 2021, Limassol, Cyprus, May 11–14, 2021, Proceedings. New York:
Springer , pp. 359–370. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75018-3_35 - Barceló, JA. 1996. ‘Heuristic classification and fuzzy sets: new tools for archaeological typologies’. Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia, 28: 155–164.
- Bevan, A, Conolly, J, Henning, C, Johnston, A, Quercia, A, Spencer, L and Vroom, J. 2013. ‘Measuring chronological uncertainty in intensive survey finds: a case study from Antikythera, Greece’. Archaeometry, 55(2): 312–328. DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2012.00674.x
- Bevan, A and Crema, ER. 2021. ‘Modifiable reporting unit problems and time series of long-term human activity’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 376(1816):
20190726 . DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0726 - Borck, L, Athenstädt, JC, Cheromiah, LA, Aragon, LD, Brandes, U and Hofman, CL. (2020). ‘Plainware and Polychrome: Quantifying perceptual differences in ceramic classification between diverse groups to further a strong objectivity’. Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology, 3(1): 135–150. DOI: 10.5334/jcaa.37
- Cáceres-Puerto, C and García Sánchez, J. 2019. ‘El uso funerario en Augusta Emerita, siglos I a.C. – III d.C. Una propuesta de empleo de modelos probabilísticos y su repercusión espacial’. Anas, 31–32: 1130–1929.
- Castiello, ME. 2023.
‘Computational processing of language vagueness for archaeological site modelling’ . In: Gonzalez-Perez, C, Martin-Rodilla, P and Pereira-Fariña, M (eds.) Discourse and Argumentation in Archaeology: Conceptual and Computational Approaches. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 291–315. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37156-1_13 - Cepeda-Negrete, J. 2011. Modelado de sistemas difusos de múltiples entradas y salidas. MSc thesis. Guanajuato: Universidad de Guanajuato. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4053.8089
- Crema, ER. 2024. ‘A Bayesian alternative to aoristic analyses in archaeology’. Archaeometry, 67(1): 7–30. DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12984
- Crema, ER and Bevan, A. 2021. ‘Inference from large sets of radiocarbon dates: Software and methods’. Radiocarbon, 63(1): 23–39. DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2020.95
- Crema, ER, Edinborough, K, Kerig, T and Shennan, SJ. 2014. ‘An Approximate Bayesian Computation approach for inferring patterns of cultural evolutionary change’. Journal of Archaeological Science, 50: 160–170. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2014.07.014
- De Runz, C. 2008. Imperfection, temps et espace : modélisation, analyse et visualisation dans un SIG archéologique. PhD thesis. Reims: Université de Reims – Champagne Ardenne. Available at
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560668 [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - De Runz, C, Blanchard, F, Vautrot, P, Desjardin, É and Herbin, M. 2011. ‘Exploration visuelle de données spatiotemporelles imprécises: Application en archéologie’. Revue des Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information (RNTI), RNTI-E-21: 249–266.
- De Runz, C and Desjardin, E. 2010.
‘Imperfect spatiotemporal information analysis in a GIS: Application to archaeological information completion hypothesis’ . In: Devillers, R and Jeansoulin, R (eds.) Methods for handling imperfect spatial information. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 341–356. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14755-5_13 - Desjardin, É, Lefebvre, B and de Runz, C. 2015. ‘Intégration de l’imperfection de l’information dans les dynamiques spatiales’. Revue Internationale de Géomatique, 25(3): 437–463. DOI: 10.3166/rig.25.437-463
- Figuera, M. 2021. ‘A fuzzy approach to evaluate the attributions reliability in the archaeological sources’. International Journal on Digital Libraries, 22(3): 289–296. DOI: 10.1007/s00799-020-00284-6
- Fusco, J. 2016. Analysis of spatio-temporal dynamics of settlement systems under uncertainty: Application to spatial archaeology. PhD thesis. Nice: University de Nice Sophia Antipolis. Available at
https://isidore.science/document/10670/1.7211e6564af293035661876a247077ba56e4c4aa [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - Gutiérrez Cuenca, E. 2002. ‘Dataciones absolutas para la arqueología de época histórica en Cantabria’. Nivel cero: Revista del grupo arqueológico Attica, 10: 89–111.
- Hassine, MAB, Grissa-Touzi, A, Galindo, J and Ounelli, H. 2008.
‘How to achieve fuzzy relational databases managing fuzzy data and metadata’ . In: Galindo, J (ed.) Handbook of research on fuzzy information processing in databases. Hershey: IGI Global, pp. 351–380. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-853-6.ch014 - Hermon, S and Niccolucci, F. 2002. ‘Estimating subjectivity of typologists and typological classification with fuzzy logic’. Archeologia e Calcolatori, 13: 217–232.
- Huggett, J. 2000.
‘Computers and archaeological culture change’ . In: Lock, G and Brown, K (eds.) On the Theory and Practice of Archaeological Computing. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, pp. 5–22. - Huggett, J. 2020. ‘Capturing the silences in digital archaeological knowledge’. Information, 11(5):
278 . DOI: 10.3390/info11050278 - Iriarte Kortazar, A. 2000. ‘Algunos elementos de cultura material tardorromana procedentes de la “villa” de San Blas (Olite, Navarra)’. Cuadernos de Arqueología de la Universidad de Navarra, 8: 197–206. DOI: 10.15581/012.8.27782
- Jousselme, A-L, Liu, C, Grenier, D and Bossé, É. 2006. ‘Measuring ambiguity in the evidence theory’. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part A: Systems and Humans, 36(5): 890–903. DOI: 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.853483
- Maestre, FJJ., Padilla, JAL and Layrón, GG-D. 2014. ‘Radiocarbono y estadística Bayesiana: Aportaciones a la cronología de la Edad del Bronce en el extremo oriental del sudeste de la península Ibérica’. SAGVNTVM. Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, 46: 41–69. DOI: 10.7203/SAGVNTVM.46.3479
- Mamdani, E and Assilian, S. 1975. ‘An experiment in linguistic synthesis with a fuzzy logic controller’. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 7(1): 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7373(75)80002-2
- Martin-Rodilla, P and Gonzalez-Perez, C. 2019. ‘Conceptualization and Non-Relational Implementation of Ontological and Epistemic Vagueness of Information in Digital Humanities’. Informatics, 6:
20 . DOI: 10.3390/informatics6020020 - Martin-Rodilla, P, Pereira-Fariña, M and Gonzalez-Perez, C. 2019. ‘Qualifying and Quantifying Uncertainty in Digital Humanities: A Fuzzy-Logic Approach’. In: Conde González, M (ed.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’19). New York:
Association for Computing Machinery , pp. 788–794. DOI: 10.1145/3362789.3362833 - Martín-Rodilla, P and Tobalina-Pulido, L. 2024. ‘Addressing uncertainty according to the annotator’s expertise in archaeological data collections: An approach from fuzzy logic’. In: Haverals, W, Koolen, M and Thompson, L (eds.) Proceedings of the Computational Humanities Research Conference 2024. Aarhus, Denmark,
December 4–6, 2024 . Aachen:CEUR Workshop Proceedings , pp. 334–352. - Medina Rodríguez, JM. 1994. Bases de datos relacionales difusas: Modelo teórico y aspectos de su implementación. MSc thesis. Granada: Universidad de Granada. Available at:
https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/29027 [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - Niccolucci, F and Hermon, S. 2010.
‘A fuzzy logic approach to reliability in archaeological virtual reconstruction’ . In: Nicolucci, F and Hermon, S (eds.) Beyond the artifact: Digital interpretation of the past. Proceedings of CAA2004. Budapest: Archaeolingua, pp. 28–35. - Owens, JB and Coppola, E. 2009. ‘Fuzzy Set Theory (or Fuzzy Logic) to Represent the Messy Data of Complex Human (and other) Systems’. DynCoopNet pedagogical paper. Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/1100044/Owens_and_Coppola_2009_Fuzzy_Set_Theory_or_Fuzzy_Logic_to_Represent_the_Messy_Data_of_Complex_Human_and_other_Systems [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - Pons, J, Billiet, C, Pons, O and De Tré, G. 2014.
‘Aspects of Dealing with Imperfect Data in Temporal Databases’ . In: Pivert, O and Zadrożny, S (eds.) Flexible Approaches in Data, Information and Knowledge Management. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Cham: Springer, pp. 189–220. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00954-4_9 - Prada Domínguez, L. 2015. Métodos estadísticos aplicados en arqueología. MA thesis. Seville: Universidad de Sevilla. Available at:
https://idus.us.es/items/412afb5d-9d68-4726-bb30-7e1b7d42bdcd [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - Renfrew, C and Bahn, PG. 2016. Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (7th ed.). London: Thames & Hudson.
- Sánchez Trigueros, F. 2013. ‘Reflexiones sobre la calidad y la incertidumbre de los datos arqueológicos’. Ligustinus, 1: 9–19.
- Sifniotis, M. 2012. Representing archaeological uncertainty in cultural informatics. PhD thesis: Falmer: University of Sussex. Available at:
https://sussex.figshare.com/articles/thesis/Representing_archaeological_uncertainty_in_cultural_informatics/23388062?file=41118470 [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - Smets. P. 1999. ‘Practical uses of belief functions’. In: Laskey, K and Prade, H (eds.) Proceedings of the Fifteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence (UAI’99). San Francisco:
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers , pp. 612–621. - Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2021. Osteoware: Osteological data recording system. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Available at:
https://naturalhistory.si.edu/research/anthropology/programs/repatriation-office/osteoware [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - Taheri, SM, Ghadim, FI and Kabirian, M. 2019.
‘Application of fuzzy inference systems in archaeology’ . In: Proceedings of the 7th Iranian Joint Congress on Fuzzy and Intelligent Systems (CFIS). Vancouver: IEEE Explore, pp. 1–4. DOI: 10.1109/CFIS.2019.8692167 - Thaker, S and Nagori, V. 2018. ‘Analysis of fuzzification process in fuzzy expert system’. Procedia Computer Science, 132: 1308–1316. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.05.047
- Tirpáková, A, Vojteková, J, Vojtek, M and Vikolinská, I. 2021. ‘Using Fuzzy Logic to Analyze the Spatial Distribution of Pottery in Unstratified Archaeological Sites: The Case of the Pobedim Hillfort (Slovakia)’. Land, 10(2): 1–16. DOI: 10.3390/land10020103
- Tobalina-Pulido, L. 2019.
‘De l’Èbre moyen aux Pyrénées: Dynamiques spatiales et temporelles du peuplement rural durant l’Antiquité tardive (III–VII p.C.): Analyse dans un contexte de données floues’ . PhD thesis. Pau: Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour. Available athttp://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU1072 [Last accessed 6 December 2025]. - Tobalina-Pulido, L and González-Pérez, C. 2020. ‘Valoración de la calidad de los datos arqueológicos a través de la gestión de su vaguedad. Aplicación al estudio del poblamiento tardorromano’. Complutum, 31(2): 343–360. DOI: 10.5209/cmpl.72488
- Vos, D, Stafford, R, Jenkins, E and Garrard, A. 2021. ‘A model based on Bayesian confirmation and machine learning algorithms to aid archaeological interpretation by integrating incompatible data’. PLoS ONE, 16(3):
e0248261 . DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248261 - Wescott, KL. 2005.
‘One Step Beyond: Adaptive Sampling and Analysis Techniques to Increase the Value of Predictive Models’ . In: Mehrer, MW and Wescott, KL (eds.) GIS and archaeological site location modelling. Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 56–66. DOI: 10.1201/9780203563359 - Willet, R. 2014. ‘Experiments with diachronic data distribution methods applied to Eastern Sigillata A in the Eastern Mediterranean’. HEROM, 3(1): 39–69. DOI: 10.11116/HEROM.3.3
- Wylie, A. 2015.
‘A plurality of pluralisms: Collaborative practice in archaeology’ . In: Padovani, F, Richardson, A and Tsou, JY (eds.) Objectivity in science: New perspectives from science and technology studies. Cham: Springer, pp. 189–210. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14349-1_11 - Zadeh, LA. 1965. ‘Fuzzy sets’. Information and Control, 8(3): 338–353. DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X
- Zoghlami, A, De Runz, C, Pinet, F and Calabretto, S. 2012. ‘Through a fuzzy spatiotemporal information system for handling excavation data’. In: Gensel, J, Josselin, D and Vandenbroucke, D (eds.) Bridging the Geographic Information Sciences: International AGILE 2012 Conference, Avignon, France,
April 24–27, 2012 . Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer , pp. 157–173. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29063-3_10