Figure 1
A) Schematic representation of the multi round trust game (MRT). B) Average Investments and Repayments in the MRT in this study. Errorbars are standard errors of the mean (SEM).
Table 1
Model Parameters, Parameter Ranges and Interpretation of the parameters.
| PARAMETER SYMBOL | PARAMETER NAME | RANGE | MEANING |
|---|---|---|---|
| α | Inequality Aversion/Guilt | {0, 0.4, 1} | Degree of sensitivity to an unfair outcome against the other player. |
| ω,bT (ω) | Risk Aversion | Multiplier for value of money kept over money returned by the partner. | |
| k | ToM Level | {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} | Number of recursive reasoning steps in representing beliefs of the other player. |
| P | Planning | {1, 2, 3, 4} | Number of steps ahead planned into the interaction. |
| ζ | Irritability | {0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1} | Measure of shift towards punishment behaviour, when experiencing below expectation partner actions. |
| q(ζ) | Irritation Awareness | {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} | Awareness of partner irritability. 0 = unaware, 4 = partner for sure irritable. |
| β | Inverse Temperature | Measure of stochasticity in choices given their expected utilities. |
Figure 2
From top left to bottom right. A) Confusion matrix: trajectories were sampled from the generative model using the full collection of parameters inferred from each subject (y-axis); then new parameter values were re-estimated from these trajectories (x-axis). The matrix shows the conditional probability of the re-estimated value of risk aversion as a function of the generating risk aversion. Lighter values indicate higher probabilities. Rows sum to 1. B) Frequency of occurrence of each risk aversion value, separated by sex. C) Average earnings separated by sex and classified according to membership in total earnings quintiles in this study. D) Average investment levels separated by subjects’ Risk Aversion parameter. Error bars are standard deviations (SD).
Table 2
Kendall’s tau correlations (below diagonal) among the demographic variables employed in this study.
| AGE | IQ | SES | SEX | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1 | |||
| IQ | 0.088 | 1 | ||
| SES | 0.1 | –0.046 | 1 | |
| Sex | –0.004 | –0.09 | –0.047 | 1 |
Table 3
p-values (below diagonal) for the correlations among the demographic variables employed in this study. Asterisk (*) signifies correlations with a p-Value below 0.05.
| AGE | IQ | SES | SEX | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0 | |||
| IQ | 0.00026* | 0 | ||
| SES | 0.000021* | 0.056 | 0 | |
| Sex | 0.88 | 0.002* | 0.11 | 0 |
Figure 3
A) Average investments separated by raw (non-age-standardized) IQ groups (brackets of width 10 IQ points). Error bars are standard deviations (SD). B) Average total Investments ordered by participant age, in 2 year brackets. Error bars are standard deviations (SD).
Table 4
Kendall’s tau correlations (below diagonal) of the subject parameters derived from the minimum NLL fit.
| k | P | ω | β | α | ζ | Q(ζ) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k, ToM Level | 1 | ||||||
| P, Planning | 0.0003 | 1 | |||||
| ω, Risk Aversion | 0.097 | 0.13 | 1 | ||||
| β, Inverse Temperature | –0.015 | 0.01 | –0.1 | 1 | |||
| α, Inequality Aversion | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.34 | –0.13 | 1 | ||
| ζ, Irritability | 0.038 | –0.0002 | 0.05 | –0.089 | 0.04 | 1 | |
| q(ζ), Irritation Awareness | –0.046 | –0.12 | 0.22 | –0.29 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 1 |
Table 5
p-values (below diagonal) of the subject parameters derived from the minimum NLL fit. Asterisk (*) signifies correlations with a p-Value below 0.05. P-values below 10–13 denoted as 0.
| k | P | ω | β | α | ζ | Q(ζ) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k, ToM Level | 0 | ||||||
| P, Planning | 0.99 | 0 | |||||
| ω, Risk Aversion | 0.001* | 0.000005* | 0 | ||||
| β, Inverse Temperature | 0.65 | 0.7 | 0.0005* | 0 | |||
| α, Inequality Aversion | 0.07 | 0.00015* | 0* | 0.00004* | 0 | ||
| ζ, Irritability | 0.26 | 0.99 | 0.1 | 0.005* | 0.2 | 0 | |
| q(ζ), Irritation Awareness | 0.14 | 0.000039* | 0* | 0* | 0.049* | 0.8 | 0 |