References
- 1Amri, M. (2022). Healthy governance for cities: Synergizing health in all policies (HiAP) and healthy cities approaches. Journal of Urban Health, 99(2), 231–234. 10.1007/s11524-022-00618-6
- 2Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2022–23). Regional population. Retrieved from
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release - 3Bush, J. (2020). The role of local government greening policies in the transition towards nature-based cities. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 35, 35–44. 10.1016/j.eist.2020.01.015
- 4City of Melbourne. (2012).
Urban forest strategy . Melbourne. Retrieved fromhttps://mvga-prod-files.s3.ap-southeast-4.amazonaws.com/public/2024-07/urban-forest-strategy.pdf - 5City of Melbourne. (2020).
Transport strategy 2030 . Melbourne. Retrieved fromhttps://mvga-prod-files.s3.ap-southeast-4.amazonaws.com/public/2024-05/transport-strategy-2030-city-of-melbourne.pdf - 6City of Melbourne. (2021).
Health and wellbeing plan 2021–2025 . Melbourne. Retrieved fromhttps://mvga-prod-files.s3.ap-southeast-4.amazonaws.com/public/2024-05/health-and-wellbeing-action-plan-2021.pdf - 7City of Melbourne. (2023). About Melbourne. Retrieved from
https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/about-melbourne/Pages/about-melbourne.aspx - 8Dahlgren, G., & Whitehead, M. (2021). The Dahlgren-Whitehead model of health determinants: 30 years on and still chasing rainbows. Public Health, 199, 20–24. 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.08.009
- 9Du, M., Li, N., Hu, T., Yang, Q., Chakraborty, T. C., Venter, Z., & Yao, R. (2024). Daytime cooling efficiencies of urban trees derived from land surface temperature are much higher than those for air temperature. Environmental Research Letters, 19(4),
044037 . 10.1088/1748-9326/ad30a3 - 10Ek, K., Wårell, L., & Andersson, L. (2021). Motives for walking and cycling when commuting – differences in local contexts and attitudes. European Transport Research Review, 13(1),
46 . 10.1186/s12544-021-00502-5 - 11Ferguson, T., Curtis, R., Fraysse, F., Olds, T., Dumuid, D., Brown, W., Esterman, A., & Maher, C. (2023). Weather associations with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep patterns of Australian adults: A longitudinal study with implications for climate change. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 20(1),
30 . 10.1186/s12966-023-01414-4 - 12Frank, J., Abel, T., Campostrini, S., Cook, S., Lin, V. K., & McQueen, D. V. (2020). The social determinants of health: Time to re-think? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16). 10.3390/ijerph17165856
- 13Fraser, S. D. S., & Lock, K. (2010). Cycling for transport and public health: A systematic review of the effect of the environment on cycling. European Journal of Public Health, 21(6), 738–743. 10.1093/eurpub/ckq145
- 14Friel, S., Akerman, M., Hancock, T., Kumaresan, J., Marmot, M., Melin, T., & Vlahov, D. (2011). Addressing the social and environmental determinants of urban health equity: Evidence for action and a research agenda. Journal of Urban Health, 88(5), 860–874. 10.1007/s11524-011-9606-1
- 15Gartland, L. (2008). Heat islands: Understanding and mitigating heat in urban areas. London: Earthscan.
- 16Giles-Corti, B., Vernez-Moudon, A., Reis, R., Turrell, G., Dannenberg, A. L., Badland, H., Foster, S., Lowe, M., Sallis, J. F., Stevenson, M., & Owen, N. (2016). City planning and population health: A global challenge. The Lancet, 388(10062), 2912–2924. 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30066-6
- 17Heath, G. W., Parra, D. C., Sarmiento, O. L., Andersen, L. B., Owen, N., Goenka, S., Montes, F., & Brownson, R. C. (2012). Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: Lessons from around the world. The Lancet, 380(9838), 272–281. 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60816-2
- 18Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. 10.1177/1049732305276687
- 19Infrastructure Victoria. (2021). Victoria’s infrastructure strategy 2021–2051. Retrieved from
https://assets.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/assets/Resources/1.-Victorias-infrastructure-strategy-2021-2051-Vol-1-web.pdf - 20IPCC. (2023).
Summary for policymakers: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . IPCC, Geneva. 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001 - 21Kelly, P., Kahlmeier, S., Götschi, T., Orsini, N., Richards, J., Roberts, N., Scarborough, P., & Foster, C. (2014). Systematic review and meta-analysis of reduction in all-cause mortality from walking and cycling and shape of dose response relationship. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1),
132 . 10.1186/s12966-014-0132-x - 22Konijnendijk, C. C., & Randrup, T. B. (2004).
Landscape and planning | Urban Forestry . In J. Burley (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences (pp. 471–478). Oxford: Elsevier. 10.1016/B0-12-145160-7/00264-7 - 23Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2012). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219–229. 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61031-9
- 24Li, N., Liu, P., & Wu, Z. (2019). Field survey on summer thermal comfort and adaptation of university dormitories in Changsha. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 51(4),
194 . 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201805105 - 25Lungman, T., Cirach, M., Marando, F., Pereira Barboza, E., Khomenko, S., Masselot, P., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Mueller, N., Gasparrini, A., Urquiza, J., Heris, M., Thondoo, M., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2023). Cooling cities through urban green infrastructure: A health impact assessment of European cities. The Lancet, 401(10376), 577–589. 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02585-5
- 26MacCallum, D., Babb, C., & Curtis, C. (2019). Doing research in urban and regional planning: Lessons in practical methods. New York: Routledge.
- 27Mizdrak, A., Blakely, T., Cleghorn, C. L., & Cobiac, L. J. (2019). Potential of active transport to improve health, reduce healthcare costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions: A modelling study. PLOS ONE, 14(7),
e0219316 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0219316 - 28Naserikia, M., Nazarian, N., Hart, M. A., Sismanidis, P., Kittner, J., & Bechtel, B. (2024). Multi-city analysis of satellite surface temperature compared to crowdsourced air temperature. Environmental Research Letters, 19(12),
124063 . 10.1088/1748-9326/ad8be4 - 29Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2016). Urban and transport planning, environmental exposures and health—New concepts, methods and tools to improve health in cities. Environmental Health, 15(1),
S38 . 10.1186/s12940-016-0108-1 - 30Northridge, M. E., Sclar, E. D., & Biswas, P. (2003). Sorting out the connections between the built environment and health: A conceptual framework for navigating pathways and planning healthy cities. Journal of Urban Health, 80(4), 556–568. 10.1093/jurban/jtg064
- 31Oja, P., Titze, S., Bauman, A., de Geus, B., Krenn, P., Reger-Nash, B., & Kohlberger, T. (2011). Health benefits of cycling: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21(4), 496–509. 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01299.x
- 32Pearson, L., Berkovic, D., Reeder, S., Gabbe, B., & Beck, B. (2022). Adults’ self-reported barriers and enablers to riding a bike for transport: a systematic review. Transport Reviews, 43(3), 356–384. 10.1080/01441647.2022.2113570
- 33Rigolon, A., Browning, M. H. E. M., McAnirlin, O., & Yoon, H. (2021). Green space and health equity: A systematic review on the potential of green space to reduce health disparities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5),
2563 .https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2563 - 34Rojas-Rueda, D., de Nazelle, A., Tainio, M., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2011). The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use: Health impact assessment study. BMJ, 343,
d4521 . 10.1136/bmj.d4521 - 35Sadeghi, M., Chaston, T., Hanigan, I., de Dear, R., Santamouris, M., Jalaludin, B., & Morgan, G. G. (2022). The health benefits of greening strategies to cool urban environments – A heat health impact method. Building and Environment, 207,
108546 . 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108546 - 36Saeidizand, P., Fransen, K., & Boussauw, K. (2022). Revisiting car dependency: A worldwide analysis of car travel in global metropolitan areas. Cities, 120,
103467 . 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103467 - 37Singh, V. K., Mughal, M. O., Martilli, A., Acero, J. A., Ivanchev, J., & Norford, L. K. (2022). Numerical analysis of the impact of anthropogenic emissions on the urban environment of Singapore. Science of the Total Environment, 806,
150534 . 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150534 - 38Stevenson, M., Thompson, J., de Sá, T. H., Ewing, R., Mohan, D., McClure, R., Roberts, I., Tiwari, G., Giles-Corti, B., Sun, X., Wallace, M., & Woodcock, J. (2016). Land use, transport, and population health: Estimating the health benefits of compact cities. The Lancet, 388(10062), 2925–2935. 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30067-8
- 39Sugiyama, T., Chandrabose, M., Homer, A. R., Sugiyama, M., Dunstan, D. W., & Owen, N. (2020). Car use and cardiovascular disease risk: Systematic review and implications for transport research. Journal of Transport & Health, 19,
100930 . 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100930 - 40Ulmer, J. M., Wolf, K. L., Backman, D. R., Tretheway, R. L., Blain, C. J. A., O’Neil-Dunne, J. P. M., & Frank, L. D. (2016). Multiple health benefits of urban tree canopy: The mounting evidence for a green prescription. Health & Place, 42, 54–62. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.08.011
- 41United Nations. (2019). World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision (ST/ESA/SER.A/420). Retrieved from
https://population.un.org/wup/publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf - 42van den Bosch, M., & Ode Sang, Å. (2017). Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for improved public health – A systematic review of reviews. Environmental Research, 158, 373–384. 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.040
- 43Vlahov, D., Freudenberg, N., Proietti, F., Ompad, D., Quinn, A., Nandi, V., & Galea, S. (2007). Urban as a determinant of health. Journal of Urban Health, 84(1), 16–26. 10.1007/s11524-007-9169-3
- 44Wendel-Vos, G. C., Schuit, A. J., de Niet, R., Boshuizen, H. C., Saris, W. H., & Kromhout, D. (2004). Factors of the physical environment associated with walking and bicycling. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(4), 725–730. 10.1249/01.mss.0000121955.03461.0a
- 45WHO. (2017). Noncommunicable disease progress monitor 2017. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241513029 - 46WHO. (2022). Global status report on physical activity 2022. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity - 47Wolf, K. L., Lam, S. T., McKeen, J. K., Richardson, G. R. A., van den Bosch, M., & Bardekjian, A. C. (2020). Urban trees and human health: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12),
4371 .https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/12/4371 - 48Zlot, A. I., & Schmid, T. L. (2005). Relationships among community characteristics and walking and bicycling for transportation or recreation. American Journal of Health Promotion, 19(4), 314–317. 10.4278/0890-1171-19.4.314