Changes in body composition among female athletes using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in preparation for the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games: an descriptive study

Maíta Poli de Araújo; Daniella de Batista Depes; Mauro Augusto Schreiter Melloni; Hesojy Pereira Gley; Poliana Caroline de Carvalho; Thiago Fernando Lourenço; Monique da Cunha Moreira; Gil Guerra Junior

doi:10.5114/areh.2025.152209

References

Olasagasti-Ibargoien J, Castañeda-Babarro A, León-Guereño P, Uria-Olaizola N. Barriers to physical activity for women with physical disabilities: a systematic review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023; 8(2): 82. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8020082.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hanlon C, Taylor T. Workplace experiences of women with disability in sport organizations. Front Sports Act Living. 2022; 4: 792703. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.792703.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rees L, Robinson P, Shields N. Media portrayal of elite athletes with disability–a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2019; 41(4): 374–81. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1397775.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ascondo J, Martín-López A, Iturricastillo A, Granados C, Garate I, Romaratezabala E, et al. Analysis of the barriers and motives for practicing physical activity and sport for people with a disability: differences according to gender and type of disability. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023; 20(2): 1320. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021320.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carmichael MA, Thomson RL, Moran LJ, Wycherley TP. The impact of menstrual cycle phase on athletes’ performance: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1667. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041667.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McNulty KL, Elliott-Sale KJ, Dolan E, Swinton PA, Ansdell P, Goodall S, et al. The effects of menstrual cycle phase on exercise performance in eumenorrheic women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2020; 50(10): 1813–27. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01319-3.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dasa MS, Kristoffersen M, Ersvær E, Bovim LP, Bjørkhaug L, Moe-Nilssen R, et al. The female menstrual cycles effect on strength and power parameters in high-level female team athletes. Front Physiol. 2021; 12: 600668. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.600668.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Freemas JA, Baranauskas MN, Constantini K, Constantini N, Greenshields JT, Mickleborough TD, et al. Exercise performance is impaired during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021; 53(2): 442–52. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002464.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Koşar ŞN, Güzel Y, Köse MG, Kin İşler A, Hazır T. Whole and segmental body composition changes during mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in recreationally active young women. Ann Hum Biol. 2022; 49(2): 124–32. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2088857.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weijer VCR, Jonvik KL, van Dam L, Risvang L, Raastad T, van Loon LJC, et al. Measured and predicted resting metabolic rate of dutch and norwegian paralympic athletes. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2025; 125(2): 217–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.05.010.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gorgey AS, Dolbow DR, Dolbow JD, Khalil RK, Castillo C, Gater DR. Effects of spinal cord injury on body composition and metabolic profile - Part I. J Spinal Cord Med. 2014; 37(6): 693–702. doi: 10.1179/2045772314Y.0000000245.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Engseth TP, Osborne JO, Solli GS, et al. Influence of menstrual- and hormonal contraceptive cycle on self-reported symptom severity and recovery measures across an annual season in female endurance athletes: The FENDURA project. J Sports Sci. 2025; 43(2): 151–61. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2434347.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Elliott-Sale KJ, McNulty KL, Ansdell P, Goodall S, Hicks KM, Thomas K, et al. The effects of oral contraceptives on exercise performance in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2020; 50(10): 1785–812. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01317-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lopez LM, Ramesh S, Chen M, Edelman A, Otterness C, Trussell J, et al. Progestin-only contraceptives: Effects on weight. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 2016(8): CD008815. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008815.pub4.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wilson JR. Body Composition: A necessary tool in individuals with disabilities? Sport Exerc Med Open J. 2016; 2(1): e3–e4. doi: 10.17140/SEMOJ2-e001.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lemos VDA, Alves EDS, Schwingel PA, Rosa JPP, Silva A Da, Winckler C, et al. Analysis of the body composition of paralympic athletes: comparison of two methods. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016; 16(8): 955–64. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1194895.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Juzwiak CR, Winckler C, Joaquim DP, Silva A, de Mello MT. Comparison of measured and predictive values of basal metabolic rate in Brazilian paralympic track and field athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016; 26(4): 330–7. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0015.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bahamondes MV, Monteiro I, Castro S, Espejo-Arce X, Bahamondes L. Prospective study of the forearm bone mineral density of long-term users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Hum Reprod. 2010; 25(5): 1158–64. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deq043.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cavedon V, Peluso I, Toti E, Sandri M, Pedrinolla A, Zancanaro C, et al. DXA-measured total and regional body composition in female athletes with a physical impairment. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025; 10(1): 49. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10010049.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Keil M, Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Brooke-Wavell K, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Measurement precision of body composition variables in elite wheelchair athletes, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016; 16(3): 391. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1028857.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weijer VCR, van Dijk J-W, van Dam L, Risvang L, Bons J, Raastad T, et al. Do paralympic athletes suffer from brittle bones? Prevalence and risk factors of low bone mineral density in paralympic athletes. Bone Rep. 2024; 21: 101767. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101767.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Medeiros RMV, Alves ES, Lemos VA, Schwingel PA, da Silva A, Vital R, et al. Assessment of body composition and sport performance of brazilian paralympic swim team athletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2016; 25(4): 364–70. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2015-0036.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ibrahim AI, Hawamdeh ZM, Alsharif AA. Evaluation of bone mineral density in children with perinatal brachial plexus palsy: effectiveness of weight bearing and traditional exercises. Bone. 2011; 49(3): 499–505. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.015).
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cherif M, Said MA, Bannour K, et al. Anthropometry, body composition, and athletic performance in specific field tests in Paralympic athletes with different disabilities. Heliyon. 2022; 8(3): e09023. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09023.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jonvik KL, Vardardottir B, Broad E. How Do we assess energy availability and RED-S risk factors in para athletes? Nutrients. 2022; 14(5): 1068. doi: 10.3390/nu14051068.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Runciman P, Tucker R, Ferreira S, Albertus-Kajee Y, Micklesfield L, Derman W. Site-specific bone mineral density is unaltered despite differences in fat-free soft tissue mass between affected and nonaffected sides in hemiplegic paralympic athletes with cerebral palsy: preliminary findings. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016; 95(10): 771–8. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000532.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Riechman SE, Lee CW. Oral contraceptive use impairs muscle gains in young women. J Strength Cond Res. 2022;36(11): 3074–80. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004059.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rael B, Romero-Parra N, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, et al. Body composition over the menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle in trained females. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021; 16(3): 375–381. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0038.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Silva dos Santos P de N, Madden T, Omvig K, Peipert JF. Changes in body composition in women using long-acting reversible contraception. Contraception. 2017;95(4): 382–389. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.12.006.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Changes in body composition among female athletes using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in preparation for the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games: an descriptive study

References

Paradigm

My account