Abstract
Introduction
Lean mass (LM) is linked to improved training outcomes and competitive success; as such, body composition assessments play a crucial role in athletic performance. Evidence suggests that body composition may be affected by oral contraceptive use, which is employed by many athletes to manage or suppress menstruation. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD), a progestin derived from 19-nortestosterone, has been associated with increases in fat-free mass. Given its potential impact on body composition, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of LNG-IUD use on Paralympic athletes preparing for the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games.
Materials and methods
A prospective, descriptive study was conducted over one year with 10 Paralympic athletes who chose a 19.5 mg levonorgestrel intrauterine device as their contraceptive method for the Paris 2024 Games. Body composition was assessed using the DXA Lunar Prodigy Advance before the insertion of the IUD and one year after its use. The variables analysed were fat mass, lean mass, body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, and bone mass.
Results
The mean age was 23 ± 3 years. Three athletes had intellectual disabilities, three had visual impairments and four physical disabilities. After one year using the hormonal intrauterine device, lean tissue mass increased from 40.9 kg to 41.8 kg (p < 0.04). Fat mass decreased from 15.0 kg to 14.4 kg (p = 0.14). Bone mineral density increased from 1.25g/cm2 to 1.26g/cm2 (p = 0.46).
Conclusions
The 19.5 mg LNG-IUD was associated with increased lean tissue mass in athletes, suggesting potential benefits for body composition in preparation for the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games.