References
- Antonarakis SE, Skotko BG, Rafii MS, Strydom A, Pape SE, Bianchi DW, et al. Down syndrome. Nat Rev Dis. 2020; 6(1): 1–20.
- Ruiz-González L, Lucena-Antón D, Salazar A, Martín-Valero R, Moral-Munoz J. Physical therapy in Down syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intellect Disabil Res 2019; 63(8): 1041–67.
- Malak R, Kostiukow A, Krawczyk-Wasielewska A, Mojs E, Samborski W. Delays in motor development in children with Down syndrome. Med Sci Monit. 2015; 21: 1904.
- Mendonca G, Pereira F, Morato P, Fernhall B. Walking economy of adults with Down syndrome. Int J Sports Med. 2010; 31(1): 10–5.
- Villarroya MA, González-Agüero A, Moros-García T, de la Flor Marín M, Moreno LA, Casajús JA. Static standing balance in adolescents with Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2012; 33(4): 1294–300.
- Connolly BH, Michael BT. Performance of retarded children, with and without Down syndrome, on the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Phys Ther. 1986; 66(3): 344–8.
- Galli M, Rigoldi C, Brunner R, Virji-Babul N, Giorgio A. Joint stiffness and gait pattern evaluation in children with Down syndrome. Gait Posture. 2008; 28(3): 502–6.
- Caird MS, Wills BP, Dormans JP. Down syndrome in children: the role of the orthopaedic surgeon. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2006; 14(11): 610–9.
- Gámez-Calvo L, Gamonales JM, León K, Muñoz-Jiménez J. Influence of balance on the quality of Life of People with Down syndrome in school and adult ages: A literature review. MHSalud. 2022; 19(1): 71–86.
- Latash ML, Kang N, Patterson D. Finger coordination in persons with Down syndrome: atypical patterns of coordination and the effects of practice. Exp Brain Res. 2002; 146(3): 345–55.
- Block ME. Motor development in children with Down syndrome: A review of the literature. Adapt Phys Activ Q 1991; 8(3): 179–209.
- Wong C, Dwyer J, Holland M. Overcoming weight problems in adults with Down syndrome. Nutr Today. 2014; 49(3): 109–19.
- Bieć E, Zima J, Wójtowicz D, Wojciechowska-Maszkowska B, Kręcisz K, Kuczyński M. Postural stability in young adults with Down syndrome in challenging conditions. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4): e94247.
- MacDonald M, Esposito P, Hauck J, Jeong I, Hornyak J, Argento A, et al. Bicycle training for youth with Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabil. 2012; 27(1): 12–21.
- Galli M, Rigoldi C, Mainardi L, Tenore N, Onorati P, Albertini G. Postural control in patients with Down syndrome. Disabil Rehabil. 2008; 30(17): 1274–8.
- Bahiraei S, Daneshmandi, H., Norasteh, A.A., Yahya, S. Balance stability in intellectual disability: Introductory evidence for the balance evaluation systems test (BESTest). Life Span and Disability. 2019; 22(1): 7–28.
- Gupta S, Rao BK, Kumaran S. Effect of strength and balance training in children with Down's syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011; 25(5): 425–32.
- Espindula AP, Ribeiro MF, Souza LAPSd, Ferreira AA, Ferraz MLdF, Teixeira VdPA. Effects of hippotherapy on posture in individuals with Down Syndrome. Fisioterapia em Movimento. 2016; 29: 497–506.
- Alsakhawi RS, Elshafey MA. Effect of core stability exercises and treadmill training on balance in children with Down syndrome: randomized controlled trial. Adv Ther. 2019; 36(9): 2364–73.
- Aly SM, Abonour AA. Effect of core stability exercise on postural stability in children with Down syndrome. IJMRHS. 2018; 5(10): 213–22.
- Villarroya MA, González-Agüero A, Moros T, Gómez-Trullén E, Casajús JA. Effects of whole body vibration training on balance in adolescents with and without Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2013; 34(10): 3057–65.
- Carter K, Sunderman, S., & Burnett, S. W. The effect of vestibular stimulation exercises on balance, coordination, and agility in children with Down syndrome. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 6(2): 28–32.
- Raghupathy MK, Divya M, Karthikbabu S. Effects of traditional Indian dance on motor skills and balance in children with Down syndrome. J Mot Behav. 2022; 54(2): 212–21.
- Bahiraei S, Daneshmandi H. The effect and durability of functional exercises on Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) scores in people with intellectual disabilities: a preliminary report. J Intellect Disabil Res 2022; 66(11): 880–92.
- Hutton B, Catala-Lopez F, Moher D. The PRISMA statement extension for systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analysis: PRISMA-NMA. Med Clin (Barc). 2016; 147(6): 262–6.
- Roostaei M, Baharlouei H, Azadi H, Fragala-Pinkham MA. Effects of aquatic intervention on gross motor skills in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2017; 37(5): 496–515.
- Rahman SA, Rahman A. Efficacy of virtual reality-based therapy on balance in children with Down syndrome. World Appl Sci. 2010; 10(3): 254–61.
- Ulrich DA, Burghardt AR, Lloyd M, Tiernan C, Hornyak JE. Physical activity benefits of learning to ride a two-wheel bicycle for children with Down syndrome: A randomized trial. Phys Ther. 2011; 91(10): 1463–77.
- Eid MA. Effect of whole-body vibration training on standing balance and muscle strength in children with Down syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 94(8): 633–43.
- Eid MA, Aly SM, Huneif MA, Ismail DK. Effect of isokinetic training on muscle strength and postural balance in children with Down's syndrome. Int J Rehabil Res 2017; 40(2): 127–33.
- Jankowicz-Szymanska A, Mikolajczyk E, Wojtanowski W. The effect of physical training on static balance in young people with intellectual disability. Res Dev Disabil 2012; 33(2): 675–81.
- Naczk A, Gajewska E, Naczk M. Effectiveness of Swimming Program in Adolescents with Down Syndrome. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(14): 7441.
- Perrot A, Maillot P, Le Foulon A, Rebillat A-S. Effect of exergaming on physical fitness, functional mobility, and cognitive functioning in adults with Down syndrome. Am J Intellect Dev. 2021; 126(1): 34–44.
- El-Meniawy GH, Kamal HM, Elshemy SA. Role of treadmill training versus suspension therapy on balance in children with Down syndrome. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2012; 13(1): 37–43.
- Boer P. The effect of 8 weeks of freestyle swim training on the functional fitness of adults with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64(10): 770–81.
- Silva V, Campos C, Sá A, Cavadas M, Pinto J, Simões P, et al. Wii-based exercise program to improve physical fitness, motor proficiency and functional mobility in adults with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2017; 61(8): 755–65.
- Azab A, Mahmoud W, Basha M, Hassan S, Morgan E, Elsayed A, et al. Distinct effects of trampoline-based stretch-shortening cycle exercises on muscle strength and postural control in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol. 2022; 26(6): 1952–62.
- Maïano C, Hue O, Lepage G, Morin AJ, Tracey D, Moullec G. Do exercise interventions improve balance for children and adolescents with Down syndrome? A systematic review. Phys Ther. 2019; 99(5): 507–18.