A Review of Phytochemical Composition, Conservation Strategies, and Food and Therapeutic Applications of Citrus Species

Citrus species, one of the most economically and therapeutically significant fruit groups, exhibit a diverse phytochemical composition that contributes to their extensive medicinal and industrial applications. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and functional roles of Citrus species in the food and nutraceutical industries. The presence of flavonoids, carotenoids, and essential oils underlies their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, despite their wide utility, the genetic diversity of Citrus species is increasingly threatened by environmental changes, habitat loss, and emerging diseases. While numerous studies have explored their bioactive compounds, gaps remain in the experimental validation of their medicinal potential and the development of effective conservation strategies. This review underscores the necessity for integrative approaches that combine phytochemical research, sustainable agricultural practices, and genetic conservation efforts to ensure the long-term viability and utility of Citrus species.