Eco-coenotic analysis of pasture areas from the Danube Delta, Romania

Chirilă, Simona Dumitrița; Covaliov, Silviu; Răileanu, Ștefan; David, Livia Oana; Doroftei, Mihai; Burada, Adrian; Făgăraș, Marius

doi:10.3986/hacq-2025-0005

Figures & Tables

Map of the study areas: A) at the national level; B) at the Danube Delta ROSCI0065 level.Slika 1: Zemljevidi raziskovanega območja: A) na državni ravni; B) na ravni delte Donave ROSCI0065.

Dendrogram of vegetation data obtained from cluster analysis.Slika 2: Dendrogram vegetacijskih popisov, narejen s klastrsko analizo.

DCA ordination of the eight vegetation clusters: cluster 1: Hordeo murini-Cynodontetum dactyloni – green (circle); cluster 2: Agropyro pectinati-Kochietum prostratae – red (diamond); cluster 3: Cynodonto dactyloni-Atriplicetum tataricae – blue (star); cluster 4: Anisantha sterilis-Eragrostis minor community – purple (square); cluster 5: Bombycilaeno erecti-Bothriochloetum ischaemi – lightgreen (left triangle); cluster 6: Rorippo austriacae-Agropyretum repentis – brown (right triangle); cluster 7: Cynodon dactylon-Xanthium spinosum community – orange (up triangle); cluster 8: Rumex crispus-Xanthium spinosum community – skyblue (box).Slika 3: DCA ordinacija osmih vegetacijskih klastrov: klaster 1: Hordeo murini-Cynodontetum dactyloni – zeleni krožec; klaster 2: Agropyro pectinati-Kochietum prostratae – rdeči diamant; klaster 3: Cynodonto dactyloni-Atriplicetum tataricae – modra zvezda; klaster 4: združba Anisantha sterilis-Eragrostis minor – vijoličasti kvadrat; klaster 5: Bombycilaeno erecti-Bothriochloetum ischaemi – svetlozeleni levi trikotnik; klaster 6: Rorippo austriacae-Agropyretum repentis – rjavi desni trikotnik; klaster 7: združba Cynodon dactylon-Xanthium spinosum – oranžni zgornji trikotnik; klaster 8: združba Rumex crispus-Xanthium spinosum – svetlomodra škatla.

Cyclogram of agro-biological indices of pasture species.Slika 4: Ciklogram agrobioloških indeksov pašniških vrst.

Summary of DCA analysis_Tabela 3: Povzetek analize DCA_

	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3	Axis 4
Eigenvalues	0.6187	0.5442	0.2610	0.2015
Explained variation (cumulative)	8.79	16.53	20.24	23.1
Gradient length	4.02	3.51	2.26	2.18
Pseudo-canonical correlation (suppl.)	0.8628	0.7177	0.6117	0.5615

Values for the studied variables are means ± standard deviations (SD)_ VEGC – vegetation cover, Annual mean temperature, Annual precipitation, C – organic carbon, P – total phosphorus, ELV – elevation, Asp – aspect (S – south, W – west, E – east, SE – southeast)_Tabela 2: Vrednosti preučevanih spremenljivk: srednje vrednosti ± standardni odkloni (SD)_ VEGC – pokrovna vrednost vegetacije, povprečna letna temperatura, povprečna letna količina padavin, C – organski ogljik, P – skupni forsfor, ELV – nadmorska višina, Asp – lega (S – jug, W – zahod, E – vzhod, SE – jugovzhod)_

Cluster	No. of species / 100 m²	VEGC (%)	Chemical variables				Topographic variables		Climatic variables
Cluster	No. of species / 100 m²	VEGC (%)	pH	C %	Humus %	P	ELV (m)	Asp	Annual mean temperature (°C)	Annual mean precipitation (mm)
1	12 ± 4.7	83 ± 9.9	7.5 ± 0.4	8.9 ± 3.7	15.4 ± 6.5	2.6 ± 1.3	61 ± 55	S	10.9 ± 0.4	430 ± 24
2	9	94 ± 2.5	7.9	6.9	11.9	4.8	53 ± 8.1	W	10.9	462
3	5 ± 0.9	97 ± 4.6	7.7 ± 0.3	10.9 ± 5	18.8 ± 8.7	4.9 ± 1.2	31 ± 5.3	S	11.2 ± 0.01	407 ± 5.1
4	14 ± 0.7	76 ± 21	7.07	6.2	10.7	2	163 ± 6.3	W	10	462
5	8	88	8.02	2.7	4.7	2.5	47	E	10.9	436
6	13	69	8.03	2.7	4.7	2.5	63	SE	10.9	436
7	19 ± 1.5	84 ± 3.3	7.5	10.6	18.3	1.5	34	S	11.3	398
8	27 ± 1.4	98 ± 0.7	7.5	10.6	18.3	1.5	32 ± 3.5	S	11.3	398

Synoptic table with the percentage frequencies of plant species in the analyzed communities_ Clusters are: cluster 1: Hordeo murini-Cynodontetum dactyloni association; cluster 2: Agropyro pectinati-Kochietum prostratae association; cluster 3: Cynodonto dactyloni-Atriplicetum tataricae association; cluster 4: Anisantha sterilis-Cynodon dactylon community; cluster 5: Bombycilaeno erecti-Bothriochloetum ischaemi association; cluster 6: Rorippo austriacae-Agropyretum repentis associations; cluster 7: Cynodon dactylon-Xanthium spinosum community; cluster 8: Rumex crispus-Xanthium spinosum community_

Group (cluster)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
No. of relevés	33	4	4	2	1	1	3	2
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.	.	.	.	.	.	.	33	50
Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit.	36	100	.	100	.	.	.	.
Agrimonia eupatoria L.	33	.	.	50	.	100	.	.
Agropyron cristatum subsp. pectinatum (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev	9	100	.	.	.	.	.	.
Alisma plantago-aquatica L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Amaranthus retroflexus L.	9	25	.	50	.	.	33	.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	33	.
Anisantha sterilis (L.) Nevski	6	50	.	50	.	.	.	.
Arctium lappa L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	100
Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	100
Artemisia annua L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	67	100
Artemisia santonicum L.	24	50	75	.	.	100	100	100
Artemisia austriaca Jacq.	6	.	100	.	.	.	.	.
Artemisia vulgaris L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Atriplex tatarica L.	6	.	100	.	.	.	.	.
Ballota nigra L.	18	.	.	100	.	100	.	.
Berteroa incana (L.) DC.	12	.	.	50	.	100	.	50
Bidens tripartitus L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	50
Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng	9	.	.	.	100	.	.	.
Brassica rapa (L.) L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	67	.
Bromus hordeaceus L.	9	25	.	.	100	.	.	.
Bromus squarrosus L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Carduus acanthoides L.	15	25	.	.	.	.	.	50
Carduus nutans L.	9	.	.	.	.	100	33	.
Carex distans L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Centaurea iberica L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	100	100
Centaurea diffusa Lam.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Centaurea orientalis L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Chenopodium album L.	27	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cichorium intybus L.	33	.	50	100	100	.	67	.
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.	15	.	.	.	.	.	33	.
Clinopodium vulgare L.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Consolida regalis Gray	6	.	.	.	.	100	.	.
Convolvulus arvensis L.	45	.	.	50	.	100	100	100
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cruciata laevipes Opiz	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Dactylis glomerata L.	.	25	.	50	.	.	.	.
Datura stramonium L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	33	50
Daucus carota L.	15	.	.	.	.	.	.	100
Dipsacus laciniatus L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Echinops ritro subsp. ruthenicus (M. Bieb.) Nyman	.	75	.	.	.	.	.	.
Echium italicum subsp. biebersteinii (Lacaita) Greuter & Burdet	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Echium vulgare L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	33	.
Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski	12	50	.	.	.	100	.	.
Eragrostis minor Host	82	100	100	100	100	.	33	50
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér.	.	.	.	.	.	.	67	.
Eryngium campestre L.	12	.	.	50	.	100	.	.
Euphorbia seguieriana Neck.	9	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Festuca valesiaca Gaudin	3	25	.	50	.	.	.	.
Fragaria viridis Weston	6	.	.	50	.	.	.	.
Galium humifusum M. Bieb.	48	25	.	.	.	.	.	.
Geranium sanguineum L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Heliotropium europaeum L.	6	.	.	50	.	.	.	.
Hordeum murinum L.	9	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Hypericum elegans Willd.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Juncus gerardi Loisel.	12	.	.	.	.	100	.	.
Juncus conglomeratus L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Juncus littoralis C. A. Mey.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Knautia arvensis (L.) DC.	18	.	.	.	100	.	.	.
Lactuca serriola L.	3	25	.	.	.	.	.	100
Lamium purpureum L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Leonurus cardiaca L.	.	.	.	50	.	.	.	.
Lepidium ruderale L.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill.	.	.	.	.	100	.	.	.
Linum austriacum L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Lycopus europaeus L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Malva neglecta Wallr.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	50
Malva sylvestris L.	6	.	.	50	.	.	.	.
Marrubium peregrinum L.	9	100	.	.	.	100	.	.
Marrubium vulgare L.	6	.	.	.	.	.	33	.
Matricaria chamomilla L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	100	100
Medicago falcata L.	15	.	.	50	.	.	.	.
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Mentha pulegium L.	15	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Mentha longifolia (L.) L.	9	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Mentha aquatica L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Ochlopoa annua (L.) H. Scholz	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Onopordum acanthium L.	21	.	.	.	.	.	67	100
Origanum vulgare L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.	3	.	25	.	.	.	.	.
Picris hieracioides L.	12	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Plantago lanceolata L.	9	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Plantago major L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	33	.
Plantago media L.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	50
Polygonum aviculare L.	42	.	.	.	.	.	67	100
Potentilla argentea L.	3	.	.	50	.	.	.	.
Potentilla reptans L.	24	.	.	.	.	.	33	50
Ranunculus repens L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Ranunculus sceleratus L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	100
Raphanus raphanistrum L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Reseda lutea L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Robinia pseudoacacia L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser	.	.	.	.	.	.	100	100
Rosa canina L.	12	.	.	.	100	100	.	.
Rubus caesius L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Rumex crispus L.	6	.	.	.	.	.	100	100
Salsola kali L.	3	.	25	.	.	.	.	.
Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Carthamus lanatus L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	33	.
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Solanum nigrum L.	3	.	.	50	.	.	67	100
Sonchus arvensis L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	50
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	.	.	.	.	.	.	33	.
Sorghum drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. & Chase	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	50
Taraxacum besarabicum (Hornem.) Hand.-Mazz.	36	.	50	.	.	.	.	.
Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum F. H. Wigg.	3	.	.	.	.	.	67	50
Teucrium chamaedrys L.	9	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Teucrium polium L.	6	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Trifolium repens L.	3	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Urtica dioica L.	9	.	.	.	.	.	.	100
Verbascum phlomoides L.	15	.	.	100	.	.	.	.
Verbena officinalis L.	9	.	.	.	.	.	33	100
Veronica serpyllifolia L.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	100
Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter	18	.	.	.	.	.	67	100
Xanthium spinosum L.	24	.	.	.	.	.	100	100

VIF analysis between the variables studied_Tabela 1: Analiza VIF med preučevanimi spremenljivkami_

Variable	VIF
pH	2.136
Humus %	2.153
total P – total phosphorus (mg kg⁻¹)	1.238
BIO12 – annual mean temperature ( °C)	2.279
Elevation (m)	1.852
Aspect	1.042

Results of CCA ordination of the effect of variables on floristic composition_Tabela 4: Rezultati CCA ordinacije vpliva abiotskih spremenljivk na floristično sestavo_

Variable	Explains (%)	Contribution (%)	pseudo-F	p-value	P(adj)
Annual precipitation (mm)	6.2	25.8	3.2	0.002	0.012
Total phosphorus (mg kg-1)	5	20.5	2.6	0.002	0.012
pH	4.6	18.9	2.5	0.002	0.012
Humus %	3.4	13.9	1.9	0.004	0.024
Elevation (m)	3.2	13.1	1.8	0.002	0.012
Aspect (°)	1.9	7.8	1.1	0.39	1

Eco-coenotic analysis of pasture areas from the Danube Delta, Romania

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Summary of DCA analysis_Tabela 3: Povzetek analize DCA_

VIF analysis between the variables studied_Tabela 1: Analiza VIF med preučevanimi spremenljivkami_

Results of CCA ordination of the effect of variables on floristic composition_Tabela 4: Rezultati CCA ordinacije vpliva abiotskih spremenljivk na floristično sestavo_

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