Immune Response and Lipid Metabolism Genes Associated with Acute Cerebral Circulatory Failure in Pre-Eclampsia in a Central Asian Population

Gene name	r	MAF	N	A1	A2	GENO
Immune response genes
TLR4	rs4986790	0.033	1801	A	G	1683/117/1
PLEKHA1	rs 2281673	0.059	1800	T	A	1589/208/3
PLEKHG1	rs 9478812	0.270	1798	G	A	935/727/136
Lipid metabolism genes
APOE	rs 7412	0.078	1801	T	C	1531/259/11
FTO	rs 1421085	0.280	1798	T	C	932/713/153
LPL	rs 285	0.360	1801	T	C	709/867/225

[i] Note: rs is the SNP identifier; MAF is the minor allele frequency; N is the number of samples; A1 is the wild-type allele and A2 is the minor allele; GENO is the number of identified genotypes.

[ii] Source: created by the authors.

Table 2.

Correspondence of genotype distribution to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium genes associated with the development of acute cerebral circulatory failure in pre-eclampsia in the Kazakh population.

Gene name	rs	N	GENO	O(HET)	E(HET)	p
Immune response genes
TLR4	rs4986790	1801	1683/117/1	0.06496	0.06389	0.7201
PLEKHA1	rs 2281673	1800	1589/208/3	0.1156	0.1118	0.2046
PLEKHG1	rs 9478812	1798	935/727/136	0.4043	0.4013	0.7691
Lipid metabolism genes
APOE	rs 7412	1801	1531/259/11	0.1438	0.1439	1
FTO	rs 1421085	1798	932/713/153	0.3966	0.4061	0.3236
LPL	rs 285	1801	709/867/225	0.4814	0.4639	0.1155
ZNF 831	rs 6015450	1801	1632/164/5	0.09106	0.09195	0.6064

[i] Note: rs is a unique SNP; MAF is the frequency of the minor allele in the study population; N is the total number of individuals studied; GENO indicates the number of reported genotypes; O(HET) is the expected heterozygosity calculated based on the Hardy-Weinberg law; E(HET) is the actual-observed heterozygosity compared with the theoretical Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; P is the p-value, which shows the statistical significance of the observed data.

[ii] Source: developed by the authors.

Table 3.

Comparative analysis of allele frequencies of immune response and lipid metabolism genes in the Kazakh population of GWAS associated with the development of acute cerebral circulatory failure in pre-eclampsia with populations of the world countries.

Population	N	MAF	χ²	R
Immune response genes
TLR4 (rs4986790)
Kazakhstan	1801	0.033
Europe	503	0.057	4.487	0.035
East Asia	504	0	17.239	<0.001
South Asia	489	0.12	59.549	<0.001
PLEKHA1 (rs2281673)
Kazakhstan	1800	0.059
Europe	503	0	31.050	<0.001
East Asia	504	0.13	29.601	<0.001
South Asia	489	0.082	3.380	0.066
PLEKHG1 (rs9478812)
Kazakhstan	1798	0.27
Europe	503	0.21	7.170	0.008
East Asia	504	0.52	112.329	<0.001
South Asia	489	0.28	0.211	0.647
Lipid metabolism genes
APOE (rs7412)
Kazakhstan	1801	0.078
Europe	503	0.063	1.134	0.287
East Asia	504	0.10	2.400	0.122
South Asia	489	0.044	6.273	1
FTO (rs1421085)
Kazakhstan	1798	0.28
Europe	503	0.43	40.982	<0.001
East Asia	504	0.16	29.463	<0.001
South Asia	489	0.30	0.822	0.365
LPL (rs285)
Kazakhstan	1801	0.36
Europe	503	0.48	23.625	<0.001
East Asia	504	0.66	145.862	<0.001
South Asia	489	0.59	85.036	<0.001

[i] Note: N – number of DNA samples; MAF – minor allele frequency; χ² – chi-square test; p – statistical significance.

[ii] Source: compiled by the authors based on 1,000 Genomes Project [17].

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34763/jmotherandchild.20252901.d-25-00019 | Journal eISSN: 2719-535X | Journal ISSN: 2719-6488

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Language: English

Page range: 114 - 125

Submitted on: May 13, 2025

Accepted on: Jul 25, 2025

Published on: Nov 14, 2025

Published by: Institute of Mother and Child

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

Keywords:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms,

vascular complications,

lipid metabolism,

immune markers,

genetic risk factors,

endothelial dysfunction

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Pediatrics and juvenile medicine,

Paediatric haematology and oncology,

Public health

© 2025 Dinara Mirzakhmetova, Gulnara Svyatova, Galina Berezina, Alexandra Murtazaliyeva, published by Institute of Mother and Child
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 29 (2025): Issue 1 (February 2025)