
Do Highly Educated Daughters of Immigrants Adapt to the Middle-class Division of Labour After Childbirth? Evidence from Second-generation Pakistani and Vietnamese in Norway
By: Anniken Lund
References
- Allison, PD. 2004.
Event history analysis . In: Bryman, AE and Hardy, M (eds.), Handbook of Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. DOI: 10.4135/9781848608184.n16 - Allison, PD. 2010.
Survival analysis . In: Hancock, GR and Mueller, RO (eds.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences. New York: Routledge. - Allison, PD. 2014. Event history and survival analysis: Regression for longitudinal event data. London: SAGE publications. DOI: 10.4135/9781452270029
- Becker, GS. 1985. Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor. Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1, Part 2): 33–58. DOI: 10.1086/298075
- Becker, GS. 1993. Human capital. A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. 3rd ed. London: The University of Chicago Press. DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001
- Bevelander, P and Groeneveld, S. 2006. Patterns of transition: Female native Dutch and ethnic minority employment patterns in the Dutch labour market, 1991 and 2002. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(5): 785–807. DOI: 10.1080/13691830600704198
- Box-Steffensmeier, JM and Jones, BS. 2004. Event history modeling: A guide for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511790874
- Brekke, I. 2007. Ethnic background and the transition from education to work among university graduates. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(8): 1299–1321. DOI: 10.1080/13691830701614080
- Brekke, I and Mastekaasa, A. 2008. Highly educated immigrants in the Norwegian labour market: Permanent disadvantage? Work, Employment and Society, 22(3): 507–526. DOI: 10.1177/0950017008093483
- Brekke, I and Rogstad, J. 2011. Godt gift? Betydningen av ektefellens landbakgrunn for kvinnelige etterkommeres arbeidsdeltakelse. Søkelys på arbeidslivet, 28(01–02): 107–123. DOI: 10.18261/ISSN1504-7989-2011-01-02-07
- Carlsson, M. 2010. Experimental evidence of discrimination in the hiring of first-and second-generation immigrants. LABOUR, 24(3): 263–278. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9914.2010.00482.x
- Dale, A, Lindley, J and Dex, S. 2006. A life-course perspective on ethnic differences in women’s economic activity in Britain. European Sociological Review, 22(3): 323–337. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jci060
- Dotti Sani, GM and Scherer, S. 2018. Maternal employment: Enabling factors in context. Work, Employment and Society, 32(1): 75–92. DOI: 10.1177/0950017016677944
- Drange, I. 2016. Degrees of closure and economic success in the Norwegian labour market: Field of study and non-Western immigrant performance. Journal of Education and Work, 29(4): 402–426. DOI: 10.1080/13639080.2014.976186
- Ellingsæter, AL and Gulbrandsen, L. 2007. Closing the childcare gap: The interaction of childcare provision and mothers’ agency in Norway. Journal of Social Policy, 36(4): 649–669. DOI: 10.1017/S0047279407001225
- Eurostat. 2022. Statistics on employment characteristics of households. Available at
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Statistics_on_employment_characteristics_of_households#Overview_of_employment_in_EU_households [Last accessed 6 February 2023]. - Fine, JP and Gray, RJ. 1999. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446): 496–509. DOI: 10.2307/2670170
- Friberg, JH. 2019. Does selective acculturation work? Cultural orientations, educational aspirations and school effort among children of immigrants in Norway. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(15): 1–20. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2019.1602471
- Greenman, E. 2011. Asian American–White differences in the effect of motherhood on career outcomes. Work and Occupations, 38(1): 37–67. DOI: 10.1177/0730888410384935
- Hammarstedt, M and Palme, M. 2012. Human capital transmission and the earnings of second-generation immigrants in Sweden. IZA Journal of Migration, 1(1): 1–23. DOI: 10.1186/2193-9039-1-4
- Heath, A and Demireva, N. 2014. Has multiculturalism failed in Britain? Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(1): 161–180. DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2013.808754
- Heath, AF, Rothon, C and Kilpi, E. 2008. The second generation in Western Europe: Education, unemployment, and occupational attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 34(1): 211–235. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134728
- Hermansen, AS. 2012. Occupational attainment among children of immigrants in Norway: Bottlenecks into employment––equal access to advantaged positions? European Sociological Review, 29(3): 517–534. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcr094
- Hermansen, AS. 2016. Moving up or falling behind? Intergenerational socioeconomic transmission among children of immigrants in Norway. European Sociological Review, 32(5): 675–689. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcw024
- Holland, JA and de Valk, HA. 2017. Differences in labour force participation by motherhood status among second-generation Turkish and majority women across Europe. Population Studies, 71(3): 363–378. DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1319495
- Ingenfeld, J. 2021. Mothers’ employment participation: The role of partner involvement and selection processes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 83(4), 1020–1037. DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12755
- Jonsson, JO and Rudolphi, F. 2011. Weak performance—strong determination: School achievement and educational choice among children of immigrants in Sweden. European Sociological Review, 27(4): 487–508. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcq021
- Kavli, HC. 2015. Adapting to the dual earner family norm? The case of immigrants and immigrant descendants in Norway. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(5): 835–856. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2014.975190
- Khattab, N, Johnston, R and Manley, D. 2018. Human capital, family structure and religiosity shaping British Muslim women’s labour market participation. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(9): 1541–1559. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2017.1334541
- Khoudja, Y and Fleischmann, F. 2015. Ethnic differences in female labour force participation in the Netherlands: Adding gender role attitudes and religiosity to the explanation. European Sociological Review, 31(1): 91–102. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcu084
- Khoudja, Y and Platt, L. 2018. Labour market entries and exits of women from different origin countries in the UK. Social Science Research, 69: 1–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.10.003
- Kil, T, Neels, K, Wood, J and de Valk, HAG. 2018. Employment after parenthood: Women of migrant origin and natives compared. European Journal of Population, 34(3): 413–440. DOI: 10.1007/s10680-017-9431-7
- Kindt, MT. 2017. Innvandrerdriv eller middelklassedriv? Foreldres ressurser og valg av høyere utdanning blant barn av innvandrere. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift, 1(1): 71–86. DOI: 10.18261/issn.2535-2512-2017-01-05
- Kindt, MT. 2022. Negotiating independence and tradition: Plans for career, marriage and family among daughters of immigrants enrolled in higher education in Norway. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48(11): 2819–2835. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2019.1590186
- Kirkeberg, MI, Dzamarija, MT, Bratholmen NVL, and Strøm, F. 2019. Norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre-hvordan går det med dem? Demografi, utdanning, arbeid og inntekt. Report 2019/21, Oslo/Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway.
- Kitterød, RH and Nadim, M. 2020. Embracing gender equality. Demographic Research, 42: 411–440. DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2020.42.14
- Koopmans, R. 2016. Does assimilation work? Sociocultural determinants of labour market participation of European Muslims. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(2): 197–216. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2015.1082903
- Leirvik, MS. 2016. «Medaljens bakside»: Omkostninger av etnisk kapital for utdanning. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning, 57(2): 167–198. DOI: 10.18261/issn.1504-291X-2016-02-03
- Li, Y. 2018. Against the odds? – A study of educational attainment and labour market position of the second-generation ethnic minority members in the UK. Ethnicities, 18(4): 471–495. DOI: 10.1177/1468796818777546
- Lindley, JK, Dale, A and Dex, S. 2006. Ethnic differences in women’s employment: The changing role of qualifications. Oxford Economic Papers, 58(2): 351–378. DOI: 10.1093/oep/gpl005
- Midtbøen, AH. 2016. Discrimination of the second generation: Evidence from a field experiment in Norway. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 17(1): 253–272. DOI: 10.1007/s12134-014-0406-9
- Modood, T. 2004. Capitals, ethnic identity and educational qualifications. Cultural Trends, 13(2): 87–105. DOI: 10.1080/0954896042000267170
- Nadim, M. 2014. Reinterpreting the relation between motherhood and paid work: Second-generation immigrant women in Norway. Sociological Review, 62(3): 494–511. DOI: 10.1111/1467-954X.12176
- Nadim, M. 2017. Familien som ressurs eller hinder? Etterkommerkvinners deltagelse i arbeid. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift, 1(1): 35–52. DOI: 10.18261/issn.2535-2512-2017-01-03
- Olsen, B. 2010. Unge med innvandrerbakgrunn i arbeid og utdanning. Report 2010/9, Oslo/Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway.
- Olsen, B. 2018. Unge med innvandrerbakgrunn i arbeid og utdanning 2016. Report 2018/4, Oslo/Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway.
- Østby, L. 2013. Norway’s population groups of developing countries’ origin: Change and integration. Report 10/2013, Oslo/Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway.
- Portes, A. 2012. Tensions that make a difference: Institutions, interests, and the immigrant drive. Sociological Forum, 563–578. DOI: 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2012.01335.x
- Portes, A, Fernández-Kelly, P and Haller, W. 2005. Segmented assimilation on the ground: The new second generation in early adulthood. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(6): 1000–1040. DOI: 10.1080/01419870500224117
- Read, JG and Oselin, S. 2008. Gender and the education-employment paradox in ethnic and religious contexts: The case of Arab Americans. American Sociological Review, 73(2), 296–313. DOI: 10.1177/000312240807300206
- Rønsen, M and Kitterød, RH. 2012. Entry into work following childbirth among mothers in Norway. Recent trends and variation. Discussion Paper No. 702, Oslo/Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway.
- Rønsen, M and Kitterød, RH. 2015. Gender-equalizing family policies and mothers’ entry into paid work: Recent evidence from Norway. Feminist Economics, 21(1): 59–89. DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2014.927584
- Shah, B, Dwyer, C and Modood, T. 2010. Explaining educational achievement and career aspirations among young British Pakistanis: Mobilizing ‘ethnic capital’? Sociology, 44(6): 1109–1127. DOI: 10.1177/0038038510381606
- Statistics Norway. 2020. Fedre jobber mest og tjener best. Available at:
https://www.ssb.no/arbeid-og-lonn/artikler-og-publikasjoner/fedre-jobber-mest-og-tjener-best [Last accessed 9 January 2023]. - Statistics Norway. 2021. Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents. Available at:
https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/innvbef [Last accessed 17 June 2021]. - Steinmann, J-P. 2019. The paradox of integration: Why do higher educated new immigrants perceive more discrimination in Germany? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(9): 1377–1400. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1480359
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33134/njmr.665 | Journal eISSN: 1799-649X
Language: English
Page range: 2 - 2
Submitted on: Jan 16, 2023
Accepted on: Sep 5, 2023
Published on: Jan 31, 2024
Published by: Helsinki University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2024 Anniken Lund, published by Helsinki University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.