Figure 1
Kaplan–Meyer survival functions for work entries following childbirth.
Table 1
Work re-entry following childbirth among majority women and descendants of immigrants from Pakistan and Vietnam. Results of Cox regression. All work entries. Presented as hazard ratios (HR) and [95% CI].
| MODEL 1 | MODEL 2 | MODEL 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VARIABLE | HR | CI | HR | CI | HR | CI |
| Country of origin (baseline: Native Norwegians) | ||||||
| Pakistan | 0.80** | [0.70, 0.91] | 0.81** | [0.71, 0.93] | 0.84* | [0.72, 0.98] |
| Vietnam | 1.27** | [1.07, 1.50] | 1.15 | [0.97, 1.36] | 1.09 | [0.89, 1.34] |
| Level of education (baseline: Short university education) | ||||||
| Long university education | 1.09* | [1.04, 1.15] | 1.09*** | [1.04, 1.15] | ||
| Interaction terms | ||||||
| Long university education# | 0.90 | [0.67, 1.20] | ||||
| Pakistani origin | ||||||
| Long university education# | 1.18 | [0.83, 1.68] | ||||
| Vietnamese origin | ||||||
| N (individuals) | 13,884 | 13,884 | 13,884 | |||
| N (person-days) | 4,852,398 | 4,852,398 | 4,852,398 | |||
| Number of events (work entries) | 11,664 | 11,664 | 11,664 | |||
[i] Notes: CI = confidence interval. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. Models 2 and 3 are stratified by year, region and weekly working hours at last employment and adjusted for age, age2, union status, parity, ln(income), sector of last employment, partner employment status, partner income and endogamy. Full table including all covariates is presented in the supplementary material (Table A2).
Table 2
Work re-entry following childbirth among native Norwegians and descendants of immigrants from Pakistan and Vietnam. Results from Cox regression. All work entries. Presented as hazard ratios (HR) and [95% CI].
| MODEL 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| VARIABLE | HR | CI |
| Country of origin (baseline: Native Norwegians) | ||
| Pakistan | 0.81** | [0.71, 0.93] |
| Vietnam | 1.39*** | [1.16, 1.66] |
| Interaction term | ||
| Vietnam# Time (baseline: time <= 350 days and Vietnamese origin = 1) | ||
| Time > 350 days and Vietnamese origin = 1 | 0.39*** | [0.24, 0.64] |
| N (individuals) | 13,884 | |
| N (person-days) | 4,852,398 | |
| Number of events (work entries) | 11,664 | |
[i] Notes: CI = confidence interval. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. Stratified by year, region and weekly working hours at last employment. Adjusted for age, age2, union status, parity, ln(income), level of education, sector of last employment, partner employment status, partner income and endogamy. Full table including all covariates is presented in the supplementary material (Table A3).
Table 3
Work re-entry following childbirth among majority women and descendants of immigrants from Pakistan and Vietnam. Results from Cox regression. Return to full-time versus part-time work. Presented as hazard ratios (HR) and [95% CI].
| MODEL 5 RETURN TO FULL-TIME WORK | MODEL 6 RETURN TO PART-TIME WORK | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VARIABLE | HR | CI | HR | CI |
| Country of origin (baseline: Native Norwegians) | ||||
| Pakistan | 0.87 | [0.73, 1.04] | 0.78* | [0.64, 0,95] |
| Vietnam | 1.48*** | [1.22, 1.81] | 0.74 | [0.54, 1.02] |
| N (individuals) | 13,884 | 13,884 | ||
| N (person-days) | 4,852,398 | 4,852,398 | ||
| Number of events (work entries) | 5,474 | 6,190 | ||
[i] Note: CI = confidence interval. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. Stratified by year and weekly working hours at last employment. Adjusted for age, age2, union status, parity, ln(income), level of education, sector of last employment, region, partner employment status, partner income and endogamy. Full table including all covariates is presented in the supplementary material (Table A4).