Have a personal or library account? Click to login

Pheno- and Genotypic Epidemiological Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Intensive Care Unit Patients in Central Türkiye

Polish Journal of Microbiology
Volume 73 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2024

References

  1. Abele-Horn M, Vogel U, Klare I, Konstabel C, Trabold R, Kurihara R, Witte W, Kreth W, Schlegel PG, Claus H. Molecular epidemiology of hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Nov;44(11):4009–4013. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00195-06
    Abele-Horn M Vogel U Klare I Konstabel C Trabold R Kurihara R Witte W Kreth W Schlegel PG Claus H Molecular epidemiology of hospital-acquired vancomycin-resistant enterococci . J Clin Microbiol . 2006 Nov ; 44 ( 11 ): 4009 – 4013 . https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00195-06
    Back to article
  2. Antonishyn NA, McDonald RR, Chan EL, Horsman G, Woodmansee CE, Falk PS, Mayhall CG. Evaluation of fluorescence-based amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis for molecular typing in hospital epidemiology: Comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Nov;38(11):4058–4065. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.11.4058-4065.2000
    Antonishyn NA McDonald RR Chan EL Horsman G Woodmansee CE Falk PS Mayhall CG Evaluation of fluorescence-based amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis for molecular typing in hospital epidemiology: Comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium . J Clin Microbiol . 2000 Nov ; 38 ( 11 ): 4058 – 4065 . https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.11.4058-4065.2000
    Back to article
  3. Arias CA, Murray BE. The rise of the s: beyond vancomycin resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 Mar;10(4):266–278. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2761
    Arias CA Murray BE The rise of the s: beyond vancomycin resistance . Nat Rev Microbiol . 2012 Mar ; 10 ( 4 ): 266 – 278 . https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2761
    Back to article
  4. Arthur M, Molinas C, Depardieu F, Courvalin P. Characterization of Tn1546, a Tn3-related transposon conferring glycopeptide resistance by synthesis of depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors in Enterococcus faecium BM4147. J Bacteriol. 1993 Jan;175(1):117–127. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.1.117-127.1993
    Arthur M Molinas C Depardieu F Courvalin P Characterization of Tn1546, a Tn3-related transposon conferring glycopeptide resistance by synthesis of depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors in Enterococcus faecium BM4147 . J Bacteriol . 1993 Jan ; 175 ( 1 ): 117 – 127 . https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.1.117-127.1993
    Back to article
  5. Asgin N, Otlu B. Antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital in Türkiye. Infect Drug Resist. 2020 Jan;13:191–198. https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s191881
    Asgin N Otlu B Antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital in Türkiye . Infect Drug Resist . 2020 Jan ; 13 : 191 – 198 . https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s191881
    Back to article
  6. Binici I, Karahocagil MK, Sünnetçioğlu M, Parlak M. [The surveyans of colonisation of vancomycin resistant enterococci and investigation antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors] (in Turkish). Van Med J. 2022 Mar;29:177–183. https://doi.org/10.5505/vtd.2022.26428
    Binici I Karahocagil MK Sünnetçioğlu M Parlak M [The surveyans of colonisation of vancomycin resistant enterococci and investigation antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors] (in Turkish) . Van Med J . 2022 Mar ; 29 : 177 – 183 . https://doi.org/10.5505/vtd.2022.26428
    Back to article
  7. Bonten MJ, Willems R, Weinstein RA. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Why are they here, and where do they come from? Lancet Infect Dis. 2001 Dec;1(5):314–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00145-1
    Bonten MJ Willems R Weinstein RA Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Why are they here, and where do they come from? Lancet Infect Dis . 2001 Dec ; 1 ( 5 ): 314 – 325 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00145-1
    Back to article
  8. Bui MT, Rohde AM, Schwab F, Märtin N, Kipnis M, Boldt AC, Behnke M, Denkel LA, Kola A, Zweigner J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of colonisation with vancomycin-resistant Enterococci faecium upon admission to Germany’s largest university hospital. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2021 Jan;16:Doc06. https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000377
    Bui MT Rohde AM Schwab F Märtin N Kipnis M Boldt AC Behnke M Denkel LA Kola A Zweigner J Prevalence and risk factors of colonisation with vancomycin-resistant Enterococci faecium upon admission to Germany’s largest university hospital . GMS Hyg Infect Control . 2021 Jan ; 16 : Doc06 . https://doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000377
    Back to article
  9. Cattoir V, Leclercq R. Twenty-five years of shared life with vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Is it time to divorce? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Apr;68(4):731–742. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dks46
    Cattoir V Leclercq R Twenty-five years of shared life with vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Is it time to divorce? J Antimicrob Chemother . 2013 Apr ; 68 ( 4 ): 731 – 742 . https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dks46
    Back to article
  10. Cetinkaya Y, Falk P, Mayhall CG. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Oct;13(4):686–707. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.4.686
    Cetinkaya Y Falk P Mayhall CG Vancomycin-resistant enterococci . Clin Microbiol Rev . 2000 Oct ; 13 ( 4 ): 686 – 707 . https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.4.686
    Back to article
  11. Clark NC, Cooksey RC, Hill BC, Swenson JM, Tenover FC. Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci from U.S. hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Nov;37(11):2311–2317. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.37.11.2311
    Clark NC Cooksey RC Hill BC Swenson JM Tenover FC Characterization of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci from U.S . hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1993 Nov ; 37 ( 11 ): 2311 – 2317 . https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.37.11.2311
    Back to article
  12. Coombs GW, Pearson JC, Daley DA, Le T, Robinson OJ, Gottlieb T, Howden BP, Johnson PD, Bennett CM, Stinear TP, et al. Molecular epidemiology of enterococcal bacteremia in Australia. J Clin Microbiol. 2014 Mar;52(3):897–905. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03286-13
    Coombs GW Pearson JC Daley DA Le T Robinson OJ Gottlieb T Howden BP Johnson PD Bennett CM Stinear TP Molecular epidemiology of enterococcal bacteremia in Australia . J Clin Microbiol . 2014 Mar ; 52 ( 3 ): 897 – 905 . https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.03286-13
    Back to article
  13. Coşkun FA, Mumcuoğlu I, Aksu N, Karahan ZC, Us E, Tekeli FA, Baran I, Kanyılmaz D, Kurşun S. [Phenotypic and genotypic traits of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a public hospital: the first vanB-positive Enterococcus faecium isolates] (in Turkish). Mikrobiyol Bul. 2012 Apr;46(2):276–282.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Depardieu F, Perichon B, Courvalin P. Detection of the van alphabet and identification of enterococci and staphylococci at the species level by multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Dec;42(12):5857–5860. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.12.5857-5860.2004
    Depardieu F Perichon B Courvalin P Detection of the van alphabet and identification of enterococci and staphylococci at the species level by multiplex PCR . J Clin Microbiol . 2004 Dec ; 42 ( 12 ): 5857 – 5860 . https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.12.5857-5860.2004
    Back to article
  15. Erdem F, Kayacan C, Oncul O, Karagoz A, Aktas Z. Clonal distribution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Türkiye and the new singleton ST733. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020 Dec;34(12):e23541. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23541
    Erdem F Kayacan C Oncul O Karagoz A Aktas Z Clonal distribution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Türkiye and the new singleton ST733 . J Clin Lab Anal . 2020 Dec ; 34 ( 12 ): e23541 . https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.23541
    Back to article
  16. EUCAST. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 8.0. Basel (Switzerland): The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2018.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Fisher K, Phillips C. The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiology. 2009 Jun;155(6):1749–1757. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.026385-0
    Fisher K Phillips C The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus . Microbiology . 2009 Jun ; 155 ( 6 ): 1749 – 1757 . https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.026385-0
    Back to article
  18. Gozalan A, Coskun-Ari FF, Ozdem B, Unaldi O, Celikbilek N, Kirca F, Aydogan S, Muderris T, Guven T, Acikgoz ZC, et al. Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from carriage and clinical samples in a tertiary hospital, Türkiye. J Med Microbiol. 2015 Jul;64(7):759–766. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000088
    Gozalan A Coskun-Ari FF Ozdem B Unaldi O Celikbilek N Kirca F Aydogan S Muderris T Guven T Acikgoz ZC Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from carriage and clinical samples in a tertiary hospital, Türkiye . J Med Microbiol . 2015 Jul ; 64 ( 7 ): 759 – 766 . https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000088
    Back to article
  19. Güldemir D, Karagöz A, Dal T, Tekin A, Özekinci T, Durmaz R. [Molecular typing of nosocomial enterococci by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis] (in Turkish). Turk Bull Hyg Exp Biol. 2015; 72(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2015.94695
    Güldemir D Karagöz A Dal T Tekin A Özekinci T Durmaz R [Molecular typing of nosocomial enterococci by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis] (in Turkish) . Turk Bull Hyg Exp Biol . 2015 ; 72 ( 1 ): 1 - 10 . https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2015.94695
    Back to article
  20. Guzman Prieto AM, van Schaik W, Rogers MR, Coque TM, Baquero F, Corander J, Willems RJ. Global emergence and dissemination of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens: Attack of the clones? Front Microbiol. 2016 May;7:788. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00788
    Guzman Prieto AM van Schaik W Rogers MR Coque TM Baquero F Corander J Willems RJ Global emergence and dissemination of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens: Attack of the clones? Front Microbiol . 2016 May ; 7 : 788 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00788
    Back to article
  21. Kacar F, Eroğlu E, Tarakçı A, Çölkesen FD, Armağan ŞÖ, Can S. [Evaluation of Vancomycin resistant enterecoccal infections] (in Turkish). J Turk Soc Intens Care. 2022 Mar;20(1):44–50. https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2020.43531
    Kacar F Eroğlu E Tarakçı A Çölkesen FD Armağan ŞÖ Can S. [Evaluation of Vancomycin resistant enterecoccal infections] (in Turkish) . J Turk Soc Intens Care . 2022 Mar ; 20 ( 1 ): 44 – 50 . https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2020.43531
    Back to article
  22. Kılıç FK, Çalkavur Ş, Olukman Ö, Ercan G, Oruç Y, Özkök D, Okur D, Gülfidan G, Devrim İ, Atlıhan F. [Management of vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit: Lessons from an outbreak] (in Turkish). J Behcet Uz Child Hosp. 2012 Mar;2(3):148–153. https://doi.org/10.5222/buchd.2012.148
    Kılıç FK Çalkavur Ş Olukman Ö Ercan G Oruç Y Özkök D Okur D Gülfidan G Devrim İ Atlıhan F. [Management of vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit: Lessons from an outbreak] (in Turkish) . J Behcet Uz Child Hosp . 2012 Mar ; 2 ( 3 ): 148 – 153 . https://doi.org/10.5222/buchd.2012.148
    Back to article
  23. Kuhnert P, Capaul SE, Nicolet J, Frey J. Phylogenetic positions of Clostridium chauvoei and Clostridium septicum based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1996 Oct;46(4):1174–1176. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-46-4-1174
    Kuhnert P Capaul SE Nicolet J Frey J Phylogenetic positions of Clostridium chauvoei and Clostridium septicum based on 16S rRNA gene sequences . Int J Syst Bacteriol . 1996 Oct ; 46 ( 4 ): 1174 – 1176 . https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-46-4-1174
    Back to article
  24. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Mol Biol Evol. 2018 Jun;35(6):1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
    Kumar S Stecher G Li M Knyaz C Tamura K MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms . Mol Biol Evol . 2018 Jun ; 35 ( 6 ): 1547 – 1549 . https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
    Back to article
  25. Lee SC, Lee CW, Shih TC, See LC, Chu CM, Liu YC. Identification of subclinical transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus within an intensive care unit in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2016 Oct;49(5):749–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2015.11.002
    Lee SC Lee CW Shih TC See LC Chu CM Liu YC Identification of subclinical transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus within an intensive care unit in Taiwan . J Microbiol Immunol Infect . 2016 Oct ; 49 ( 5 ): 749 – 759 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2015.11.002
    Back to article
  26. Levitus M, Rewane A, Perera TB. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci [Internet, updated 2022 May 15]. Treasure Island (USA): Stat-Pearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 May 26]. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513233
    Levitus M Rewane A Perera TB Vancomycin-resistant enterococci [Internet, updated 2022 May 15] . Treasure Island (USA) : Stat-Pearls Publishing ; 2022 [ cited 2023 May 26 ]. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513233
    Back to article
  27. Mellmann A, Orth D, Dierich MP, Allerberger F, Klare I, Witte W. Nosocomial cross transmission as a primary cause of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Austria. J Hosp Infect. 2000 Apr;44(4):281–287. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhin.1999.0704
    Mellmann A Orth D Dierich MP Allerberger F Klare I Witte W Nosocomial cross transmission as a primary cause of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Austria . J Hosp Infect . 2000 Apr ; 44 ( 4 ): 281 – 287 . https://doi.org/10.1053/jhin.1999.0704
    Back to article
  28. Peta M, Carretto E, Barbarini D, Zamperoni A, Carnevale L, Perversi L, Pagani M, Bonora MG, Fontana R, Marone P, et al. Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. in an Italian general intensive care unit. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006 Feb;12(2):163–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01331.x
    Peta M Carretto E Barbarini D Zamperoni A Carnevale L Perversi L Pagani M Bonora MG Fontana R Marone P Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp . in an Italian general intensive care unit. Clin Microbiol Infect . 2006 Feb ; 12 ( 2 ): 163 – 169 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01331.x
    Back to article
  29. Pinholt M, Ostergaard C, Arpi M, Bruun NE, Schønheyder HC, Gradel KO, Søgaard M, Knudsen JD; Danish Collaborative Bacteraemia Network (DACOBAN). Incidence, clinical characteristics and 30-day mortality of enterococcal bacteraemia in Denmark 2006–2009: A population-based cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Feb;20(2):145–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12236
    Pinholt M Ostergaard C Arpi M Bruun NE Schønheyder HC Gradel KO Søgaard M Knudsen JD Danish Collaborative Bacteraemia Network (DACOBAN) Incidence, clinical characteristics and 30-day mortality of enterococcal bacteraemia in Denmark 2006-2009: A population-based cohort study . Clin Microbiol Infect . 2014 Feb ; 20 ( 2 ): 145 – 151 . https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12236
    Back to article
  30. Reyes K, Bardossy AC, Zervos M. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Epidemiology, infection prevention, and control. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2016 Dec;30(4):953–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2016.07.009
    Reyes K Bardossy AC Zervos M Vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Epidemiology, infection prevention, and control . Infect Dis Clin North Am . 2016 Dec ; 30 ( 4 ): 953 – 965 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2016.07.009
    Back to article
  31. Sakin F, Aslantaş Ö, Bağcı F. Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Hatay State Hospital. Turk J Intensive Care. 2019 Dec;17(4):204–208. https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2019.20438
    Sakin F Aslantaş Ö Bağcı F. Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Hatay State Hospital . Turk J Intensive Care . 2019 Dec ; 17 ( 4 ): 204 – 208 . https://doi.org/10.4274/tybd.galenos.2019.20438
    Back to article
  32. Uludağ Altun H, Ataman Hatipoğlu C, Bulut C, Eser OK, Demiröz AP. [Comparison of GeneXpert® vanA/vanB PCR system and culture methods in the surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci] (in Turkish). Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014 Oct;48(4):538–544. Turkish. https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.8848
    Uludağ Altun H Ataman Hatipoğlu C Bulut C Eser OK Demiröz AP. [Comparison of GeneXpert® vanA/vanB PCR system and culture methods in the surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci] (in Turkish) . Mikrobiyol Bul . 2014 Oct ; 48 ( 4 ): 538 – 544 . Turkish. https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.8848
    Back to article
  33. USHIESA. [Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health Department of Communicable Diseases and Early Warning Infections Surveillance Network (USHİESA) Summary Report 2020] (in Turkish). Ankara (Türkiye): Ministry of Health; 2021.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Vankerckhoven V, Van Autgaerden T, Vael C, Lammens C, Chapelle S, Rossi R, Jabes D, Goossens H. Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among European hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Oct;42(10):4473–4479. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.10.4473-4479.2004
    Vankerckhoven V Van Autgaerden T Vael C Lammens C Chapelle S Rossi R Jabes D Goossens H Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among European hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium . J Clin Microbiol . 2004 Oct ; 42 ( 10 ): 4473 – 4479 . https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.42.10.4473-4479.2004
    Back to article
  35. WHO, ECDC. WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2022 – 2020 data. Copenhagen (Denmark): WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2022. [cited 2023 May 30]. Available from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/ECDC-WHO-AMR-report.pdf
    WHO, ECDC . WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control . Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe 2022 – 2020 data . Copenhagen (Denmark) : WHO Regional Office for Europe ; 2022 . [ cited 2023 May 30 ]. Available from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/ECDC-WHO-AMR-report.pdf
    Back to article
  36. Willems RJ, Top J, van Santen M, Robinson DA, Coque TM, Baquero F, Grundmann H, Bonten MJ. Global spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jun;11(6):821–828. https://doi.org/10.3201/1106.041204
    Willems RJ Top J van Santen M Robinson DA Coque TM Baquero F Grundmann H Bonten MJ Global spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from distinct nosocomial genetic complex . Emerg Infect Dis . 2005 Jun ; 11 ( 6 ): 821 – 828 . https://doi.org/10.3201/1106.041204
    Back to article
  37. Woodford N, Johnson AP, Morrison D, Speller DC. Current perspectives on glycopeptide resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995 Oct; 8(4):585–615. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.8.4.585
    Woodford N Johnson AP Morrison D Speller DC Current perspectives on glycopeptide resistance . Clin Microbiol Rev . 1995 Oct ; 8 ( 4 ): 585 – 615 . https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.8.4.585
    Back to article
  38. Yiş R, Aslan S, Cıtak C, Değirmenci S. [Evaluation of vancomycinresistant enterococcus colonization at Gaziantep Children’s Hospital, Türkiye] (in Turkish). Mikrobiyol Bul. 2011 Oct;45(4):646–654.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Zer Y, Bayram A, Akın EÖ, Balcı İ. Analysis of the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Eur J Ther. 2011 Jun;17(2):82–86. https://doi.org/10.5455/gmj-30-2011-36
    Zer Y Bayram A Akın EÖ Balcı İ. Analysis of the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic sensitivity of vancomycin-resistant enterococci . Eur J Ther . 2011 Jun ; 17 ( 2 ): 82 – 86 . https://doi.org/10.5455/gmj-30-2011-36
    Back to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2024-030 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 403 - 410
Submitted on: Apr 12, 2024
Accepted on: Jun 27, 2024
Published on: Sep 13, 2024
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
antimicrobial resistance,
vancomycin resistance,
A gene,
B gene
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Microbiology and virology

© 2024 Altan Akineden, Cemal ÇiÇek, SelÇuk TÜrkel, Izhar U.H. Khan, Amir Abdulmawjood, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 73 (2024): Issue 3 (September 2024)Next article