Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
The pH value in the prebiotic fermentation broth of A_ cerana gut microbiota_
| Time (h) | pH value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLU | FOS | INU | IMO | XOS | |
| 0 | 6.98 ± 0.03Aa | 7.00 ± 0.04Aa | 6.98 ± 0.06Aa | 7.01 ± 0.02Aa | 6.99 ± 0.03Aa |
| 6 | 6.89 ± 0.04Ba | 6.91 ± 0.05Ba | 6.89 ± 0.07Aa | 6.89 ± 0.03Ba | 6.90 ± 0.06Ba |
| 12 | 6.13 ± 0.07Cb | 6.31 ± 0.03Ca | 5.71 ± 0.02Bd | 5.57 ± 0.07Ce | 5.97 ± 0.05Cc |
| 24 | 5.78 ± 0.07Db | 6.22 ± 0.04Da | 5.59 ± 0.04Cc | 5.48 ± 0.03Dd | 5.65 ± 0.03Dc |
Number of Bifidobacterium and LAB in the prebiotic fermentation broth of A_ cerana gut microbiota_
| Number of gut microbiota / Log10 (CFU/ml) | Time (h) | Treatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLU | FOS | INU | IMO | XOS | ||
| Bifidobacterium | 0 | 5.85 ± 0.06Ca | 5.82 ± 0.05Ca | 5.83 ± 0.02Ca | 5.82 ± 0.01Ca | 5.80 ± 0.02Ca |
| 6 | 5.63 ± 0.03Db | 5.66 ± 0.16Cab | 5.83 ± 0.13Cab | 5.94 ± 0.19Ca | 5.81 ± 0.15Cab | |
| 12 | 6.99 ± 0.08Bc | 6.46 ± 0.25Bd | 7.79 ± 0.08Bb | 8.31 ± 0.36Ba | 7.43 ± 0.24Bb | |
| 24 | 8.15 ± 0.05Ad | 8.41 ± 0.08Ac | 8.85 ± 0.02Ab | 9.10 ± 0.12Aa | 8.52 ± 0.18Ac | |
| LAB | 0 | 5.01 ± 0.02Da | 4.99 ± 0.03Ba | 5.00 ± 0.02Da | 5.01 ± 0.05Ca | 4.98 ± 0.02Ca |
| 6 | 6.03 ± 0.03Cb | 5.06 ± 0.16Bc | 6.10 ± 0.09Cab | 6.34 ± 0.19Ba | 5.21 ± 0.15Cc | |
| 12 | 7.29 ± 0.08Bc | 5.76 ± 0.25Ad | 8.09 ± 0.08Bab | 8.28 ± 0.33Aa | 7.73 ± 0.24Bb | |
| 24 | 7.76 ± 0.14Ac | 5.67 ± 0.35Ad | 8.36 ± 0.11Aab | 8.61 ± 0.02Aa | 8.19 ± 0.16Ab | |