Fig. 1.
![Dependence of transport costs on the average cargo density [9]: 1 – airships; 2 – ground transport; 3 – cargo planes.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/695753f47c29e05adc528aeb/j_tar-2025-0023_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKBIEER2XZ%2F20260222%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260222T032728Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDgj7HYiKGyGNVjpodPpBxOiFjpaQHC0sOSGNnfJTOjIwIhAKIvBhGB8PP9OJqC63ApeBBIaj7KH7W8xlyyVa9Z%2B1n3KsUFCLj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgyN8mRYGQHuNODbSJEqmQUKQoW4inPfiH6hO2OVCWVLpWPsXamHfLeKLxJT7aBGKI%2BIjdPyfBjkS1A0N0Di8thRQi44kq7WTs4pOgUG74HQ8ClfhwX0Aga3X1pMk3fr7tNbato5aSi8i%2Bh4Bepn8v6sAW16Dm60aQpgxzA1WUlzHK%2FjN2G71zDnA05sCXhATn3e%2FSd0LgMPFXMm1PvJgvNooiAQTVZp4ZnRlNx7U5tWE2QjE6rw%2BoftGeCShcg%2BJQvF8cJlX8a0nHUq1bvwpJFlRGmHcI%2Bqqc3fkSNdsvE%2BIrPKMZ3mtrRZDur2pYA749IuGtxBGcTQEcZ8oaY1KkMeEIYspox6f%2BRyO5RKW8PAhVDeTxqXizluoE%2BImCy0oQa1VHctt5ME6o7u%2Ff7abtvZQbYywzMKkiLmKfQjeBXvkpW39dcinP%2B7B26tElpDUzGLA0T73Y0g%2FXvexOC%2F7ytDOCbtpqz1Py8Up%2FNACf%2FqJZz3WxUsigBijwT29HcSdqDbTzBzWVx4l1j6Kzz8jOPMvKCpaC006E1%2Fu8H6N5NCFQgMrvVBdZSfiGEk1cT8ZFqajltDKF8POpzKAQUC7P2V15f7dPC%2Bu8sL0A%2BEIIlRSyRKSEE6xmheF6slpRu7pCO%2BLvK2q3YPhG%2F2mFcP6KwO2Gxp7xQ9ZmDTJLeMqVOR4POkHmYgsy1R3dJMLmJPcej9xowNJQQV2Y7KrDAfXfbwjkVzAcRWI51jfLCjXd5q8bkuJ3%2BcW3iMJ8mmkqYs6%2FoH6eUB7RG1NH2gGmU2tQu3Np8p%2BOTFb3sf2vG3RJsZn2U7%2BeIoT%2BAuM5BkaIGRwR%2BYwX6sKCO9RfzNQG50yj2Fb4P%2B9JEm2cuESJcAgk8ldBtsmwZ4ZOvE5fLga3OAJrOol2YtAxngDTDi7%2BjMBjqwAWuVm%2FjoHcMXivscVrJoaemE4b%2FH7ZMG02fQI8cYegAWS9dQJGfN%2F05zxm2BezlWkG3GJWOqRoiPVgTVSI9zp6n%2BCUB52X3o4J9RbRbMpaLG4%2FpDkwbLy3UoAXABT7tshjJzdURLVhUyTWqTMKMWmm%2FBF9hDMT5LUZiK9LSyRWOYa0otlHpPrB6DO5s5vebfo7Dk3R28x7jw2lMSmqaTQJBqMPXdJYcWKCtRreKmJ0oq&X-Amz-Signature=fba08fada896f4be7e23b75c2556799464335bc33dabcf3e18e185be687d3a2f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 2.
![CO2 emissions per passenger for different modes of transportation [10].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/695753f47c29e05adc528aeb/j_tar-2025-0023_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKBIEER2XZ%2F20260222%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260222T032728Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDgj7HYiKGyGNVjpodPpBxOiFjpaQHC0sOSGNnfJTOjIwIhAKIvBhGB8PP9OJqC63ApeBBIaj7KH7W8xlyyVa9Z%2B1n3KsUFCLj%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgyN8mRYGQHuNODbSJEqmQUKQoW4inPfiH6hO2OVCWVLpWPsXamHfLeKLxJT7aBGKI%2BIjdPyfBjkS1A0N0Di8thRQi44kq7WTs4pOgUG74HQ8ClfhwX0Aga3X1pMk3fr7tNbato5aSi8i%2Bh4Bepn8v6sAW16Dm60aQpgxzA1WUlzHK%2FjN2G71zDnA05sCXhATn3e%2FSd0LgMPFXMm1PvJgvNooiAQTVZp4ZnRlNx7U5tWE2QjE6rw%2BoftGeCShcg%2BJQvF8cJlX8a0nHUq1bvwpJFlRGmHcI%2Bqqc3fkSNdsvE%2BIrPKMZ3mtrRZDur2pYA749IuGtxBGcTQEcZ8oaY1KkMeEIYspox6f%2BRyO5RKW8PAhVDeTxqXizluoE%2BImCy0oQa1VHctt5ME6o7u%2Ff7abtvZQbYywzMKkiLmKfQjeBXvkpW39dcinP%2B7B26tElpDUzGLA0T73Y0g%2FXvexOC%2F7ytDOCbtpqz1Py8Up%2FNACf%2FqJZz3WxUsigBijwT29HcSdqDbTzBzWVx4l1j6Kzz8jOPMvKCpaC006E1%2Fu8H6N5NCFQgMrvVBdZSfiGEk1cT8ZFqajltDKF8POpzKAQUC7P2V15f7dPC%2Bu8sL0A%2BEIIlRSyRKSEE6xmheF6slpRu7pCO%2BLvK2q3YPhG%2F2mFcP6KwO2Gxp7xQ9ZmDTJLeMqVOR4POkHmYgsy1R3dJMLmJPcej9xowNJQQV2Y7KrDAfXfbwjkVzAcRWI51jfLCjXd5q8bkuJ3%2BcW3iMJ8mmkqYs6%2FoH6eUB7RG1NH2gGmU2tQu3Np8p%2BOTFb3sf2vG3RJsZn2U7%2BeIoT%2BAuM5BkaIGRwR%2BYwX6sKCO9RfzNQG50yj2Fb4P%2B9JEm2cuESJcAgk8ldBtsmwZ4ZOvE5fLga3OAJrOol2YtAxngDTDi7%2BjMBjqwAWuVm%2FjoHcMXivscVrJoaemE4b%2FH7ZMG02fQI8cYegAWS9dQJGfN%2F05zxm2BezlWkG3GJWOqRoiPVgTVSI9zp6n%2BCUB52X3o4J9RbRbMpaLG4%2FpDkwbLy3UoAXABT7tshjJzdURLVhUyTWqTMKMWmm%2FBF9hDMT5LUZiK9LSyRWOYa0otlHpPrB6DO5s5vebfo7Dk3R28x7jw2lMSmqaTQJBqMPXdJYcWKCtRreKmJ0oq&X-Amz-Signature=85da1683fe55a82eb9a31e3d27b95ecae48d250777abf16b12ffe1168ff27ce3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3.

Comparison of aircraft fuel efficiency_
| Range, km | Aircraft | Fuel weight, kg | Payload weight, kg | Gross take-off weight, kg | Cargo weight to gross takeoff weight ratio, kg/kg | Fuel weight to gross take-off weight ratio kg/kg | Fuel efficiency, g/kg/km |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 555 | Classic airship for short range mission | 1362 | 21792 | 45400 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.1126 |
| 555 | B737-200 | 5448 | 15890 | 48124 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.6178 |
| 3700 | Classic airship for transcontinental mission | 13620 | 78088 | 227000 | 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.0471 |
| 3700 | L1011-500 | 41768 | 44038 | 195220 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.2563 |
| 9250 | Classic airship for intercontinental mission | 58112 | 204300 | 454000 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.0308 |
| 9250 | B747-200 | 148912 | 59020 | 372280 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.2728 |
Technical and economic characteristics of air vehicles_
| Air vehicle type | Helicopter | Aircraft | Airship class | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mi-26 | B747-400F | A330-300P2F | C-5B Galaxy | An-124 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Airship body volume, thousand m3 | 26 | 60 | 60 | 352 | |||||
| Take-off weight, t | 49.5 | 396.9 | 242 | 379.7 | 405 | 25.4 | 57 | 70.9 | 332 |
| Weight of commercial load, t | 20 | 112.6 | 63 | 118 | 120 | 58*** | up to 25 | 30–40 | up to 200 |
| Cruising speed, km/h | 180–255 | 908 | 910 | 860890 | 800850 | 115140 | 110145 | 140170 | 125165 |
| Flight range, km | 400–600 | 8230 | 6850 | 44405500 | 4500 | 2000 | 3000 | 1000 | 5000 |
| Patrolling time | up to 5 days | up to 15 days | |||||||
| Hourly fuel consumption, kg/h | 2540 | 10700 | 6310 | 9960 | 13000 | 40–70* 150300** | 90–150* 245490** | 490–540 980** | 980–1220 1860** |
| Fuel efficiency, g/t·km | 660 | 110 | 102 | 125 | 130 | 145230 | 90–160 | 105170 | 45–80 |
| Flight-hour cost, USD/hour | 14000 | 29400 | 8350 | 34200 | 22600 | 450600 | 650–1100 | 800–1400 | 23002900 |
| Cargo transportation cost, USD/t·km | 3.9 | 1.5 | 0.86 | 1.81 | 0.24 | 0.450.85 | 0.18–0.35 | 0.150.27 | 0.08–0.15 |