Supplementary scales for the school-age forms of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment rated by adolescents, parents, and teachers: Psychometric properties in German samples

Notes. CBCL/6–18 = Parent reports (6;0 to 18;11 years); YSR/11–18 = Self reports (11;0 to 18;11 years); TRF/6–18 = Teacher reports (6;0 to 18;11 years); nit = Number of items; Ω = McDonald's Omega; rit (Range) = range of internal consistency; M = Mean scale score; SD = Standard Deviation; SPS = Stress Problems scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007); OCP = Obsessive-Compulsive Problems scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007); SCT = Sluggish Cognitive Tempo scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007);

1 new generated items for the analysis of internal consistencies excluded;

2 scale not available in YSR/11–18; PQS = Positive Qualities scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007);

3 scale not available in CBCL/6–18 and TRF/6–18 & reduced community sample size for YSR (nPQS = 1791);

DRS1 = Dysregulation scale (Ayer et al., 2009); DRS2 = Weighted and rounded Dysregulation scale (McQuillan et al., 2018); ASD1 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Ooi et al., 2011); ASD2 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (So et al., 2012); ASD3 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Offermans et al., 2022); MAS = Mania Scale (Papachristou et al., 2013). A Omega could not be estimated due to item covariances that are negative or zero, Cronbach's Alpha is reported as a substitute.

Notes. CBCL/6–18 = Parent reports (6;0 to 18;11 years); YSR/11–18 = Self reports (11;0 to 18;11 years); TRF/6–18 = Teacher reports (6;0 to 18;11 years); n_female = female sample; n_male = male sample; CI_r = 95% Confidence interval; ¹Gender: l=male, 2=female; SPS = Stress Problems scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007); OCP = Obsessive-Compulsive Problems scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007); SCT = Sluggish Cognitive Tempo scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007);

1 scale not available in YSR/11–18; PQS = Positive Qualities scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007);

2 scale not available in YSR/11–18R;

3 scale not available in CBCL/6–18 and TRF/6–18 & reduced community sample size for YSR (n_PQS = 1791);

DRS1 = Dysregulation scale (Ayer et al., 2009); DRS2 = Weighted and rounded Dysregulation scale (McQuillan et al., 2018); ASD1 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Ooi et al., 2011); ASD2 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (So et al., 2012); ASD3 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Offermans et al., 2022); MAS = Mania Scale (Papachristou et al., 2013).

* p ≤ .01.

Notes. CBCL= Parent reports (6;0 to 18;11 years); YSR= Self reports (11;0 to 18;11 years); TRF= Teacher reports (6;0 to 18;11 years); r = Correlation after Pearson; CI_r= 95% Confidence interval; SPS = Stress Problems scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007); OCP = Obsessive-Compulsive Problems scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007); SCT = Sluggish Cognitive Tempo scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2007);

1 scale not available in YSR/11-18;

DRS1 = Dysregulation scale (Ayer et al., 2009); DRS2 = Weighted and rounded Dysregulation scale (McQuillan, 2018); ASD1 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Ooi et al., 2011); ASD2 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (So et al., 2012); ASD3 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Offermans et al., 2022); MAS = Mania Scale (Papachristou et al., 2013);

+ n.s.; all other correlations p ≤ .01

Notes. CBCL/6–18 = Parent reports (children and youths 6;0 to 18;11 years); YSR/11–18 = Self reports (11;0 to 18;11 years); TRF/6–18 = Teacher reports (children and youths 6;0 to 18;11 years); nPQS = Community sample size Positive Qualities; t = t value based on Welch-Test in service of uniformity for all scales as majority showed heterogeneity of variance between both samples; df = Degrees of freedom; d = Cohen's effect size; SPS = Stress Problems scale (Achenbach, 2007); OCP = Obsessive-Compulsive Problems scale (Achenbach, 2007); SCT = Sluggish Cognitive Tempo scale (Achenbach, 2007);

1 scale not available in YSR/11–18; PQS = Positive Qualities scale (Achenbach, 2007);

2 scale not available in CBCL/6–18 and TRF/6–18;

DRS1 = Dysregulation scale (Ayer, 2009); DRS2 = Weighted and rounded Dysregulation scale (McQuillan, 2018); ASD1 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Ooi et al., 2011); ASD2 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (So et al., 2012); ASD3 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Offermans et al., 2022); MAS = Mania Scale (Papachristou et al., 2013); All group differences are statistically significant p<.001

{ label (or @symbol) needed for fn[@id='j_sjcapp-2025-0004_tfn_020'] } Notes. ¹ “Obsessive-compulsive disorder” for OCP and “Pervasive developmental disorders” for ASD1, ASD2 and ASD3; CBCL/6–18 = Parent reports (children and youths 6;0 to 18;11 years); YSR/11–18 = Self reports (11;0 to 18;11 years); TRF/6–18 = Teacher reports (children and youths 6;0 to 18;11 years); Y = ‘Yes’ clinic sample with respective diagnosis; N = ‘No’ clinic sample without the respective diagnosis; n = sample size; M = Mean scale score; SD = Standard Deviation; t = t value;

w Welch-Test for heterogeneity of variance;

df = degrees of freedom; p = two-tailed significance; d = Cohen's effect size; OCP = Obsessive-Compulsive Problems scale (Achenbach, 2007); ASD1 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Ooi et al., 2011); ASD2 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (So et al., 2012); ASD3 = Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (Offermans et al., 2022)