Figure 1
![Loaded pile scheme.Symbols on Figure 1:
D- pile diameter [m]
h- length of the pile in the soil [m]
l- arm of bending space [m]
N1- load at the base of the pile [MN]
N2- load at the head of the pile [MN]
N(z)- axial force in the pile at z depth [MN]
τ(z)- shear stress on the pile skin at z depth [MPa]
s- settlement value of the pile [mm]
s(z)- settlement of the pile at z depth [mm]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379824e662f30ba53f85f/j_sgem-2021-0026_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKHTUB44VK%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T022232Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCzJZ4bVC6Upw1ddg7F2AXjcyG5Jd%2BkYifCLCmIYhcSHQIgRicZHSGGdymvEmpyUj8WrnWiSIaXbn%2BHqGQSAdHOaQ4qxAUIyP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDNv4uuVPgghO5o3m2SqYBWySS8qaLe3K3%2B2KpuYM3E7ALk6xGA%2BWp5FgDLAR5RJQ7Hfyxhykr8o5k07o46M6TE1W1t99hvtk45GSzQvmb0RDG8DT6ZnP0%2FyWs%2BX5JBM6EswuEAWBzLxKN76sQ2j6qAnZqTalraPMSIOAjC8nIqa0m907lmu2zqesdXx2nZyqSSNalLjvzyZM0OMZGxgJ2cuXKv29xGShwFnQGNKebx5pMqgNKCieMpQB4AQxaTb4VEJDlOO%2BdZJ9ZdrpuMy%2FcA%2FsJLokSwresrbC8T19Cu1%2Bqvj39w2vAfjFwti0Fx8xdy6OWMWnISeXTuQchbtFZSMfWhTi97aGif%2BUTk3JcRG4ATHFScwL%2BaEE%2FGDDI6cmFnXDksZ7%2FUg9pkSCbc3pQuF2fYQncJektDdkEDLHI1OGE2IqBeAgeV0GykqdTxkJLh5l2%2Fevp8lgi6QFH9%2FjTWr1VcnWvYqGhScBJsQx%2BRex%2FU9b1t1yq27O7Ac2RY63xjxHTRoVOvLaoPvRGMEG%2FSscRLhkN2ssInVCzlGyIBH7lEJ5qsaMprY8l%2FR%2BC4hQuADGNIDBQIUiQn1kaw0dLCjU9%2BQhuQ0MhK0%2FN9P4tnpb%2Bxljvx5Jctovv3DKTqgkhifaHc5KQ%2BIzwg%2FAija4CZvsVagXspvNbYXkBWBqQ%2BV3%2FYsrldlV0vPN8KNi8oSUwHrahhMX6vdocwtO4NvLV%2FRn3W0RD93I8llwSzBkUAq5Q%2FbodOUmhHDO9TIevmirtd6DAvJUisKEGCU5lQOClY7%2BnthKIJ2fWk9DzOFkFzTlo8nSBy3%2BuyGslPo7XHs12hsWMP3d0G9bKTdj7wAZMTkFKTN%2Fx8Fa8bni6RggLwXMYhBF3zAzCM4FtN2HXM5g4gepJqxfCeow4%2FTczQY6sQEhaRPmku%2BUsY291osXumyhcrbioiCybhOb%2FcKz8tK30IRUTgHjkN%2FNbDp85EmHe7FO9OIjlVmntY2%2BFifqeu7AxRS64yfeP3l360TYPLi0nWEoP5Pj4zi8n4TwUQ8y7Lzg6k60TIe5fzJjONL%2Frt%2FtrBsb1VITyTnAJoKvbOsF1or7I2kOWdfU4UJMEroaeyFubzxDu357ze2B3UkklAvzKxSF2UmZSzJ9AE51mRePPpY%3D&X-Amz-Signature=2efd1e2e6de7c940f3ab334271efd2d13be77ba2409c1f904a13eb7788b7582d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Placement of strain gauges for Pile 1, forces graph [9].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379824e662f30ba53f85f/j_sgem-2021-0026_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKHTUB44VK%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T022232Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCzJZ4bVC6Upw1ddg7F2AXjcyG5Jd%2BkYifCLCmIYhcSHQIgRicZHSGGdymvEmpyUj8WrnWiSIaXbn%2BHqGQSAdHOaQ4qxAUIyP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDNv4uuVPgghO5o3m2SqYBWySS8qaLe3K3%2B2KpuYM3E7ALk6xGA%2BWp5FgDLAR5RJQ7Hfyxhykr8o5k07o46M6TE1W1t99hvtk45GSzQvmb0RDG8DT6ZnP0%2FyWs%2BX5JBM6EswuEAWBzLxKN76sQ2j6qAnZqTalraPMSIOAjC8nIqa0m907lmu2zqesdXx2nZyqSSNalLjvzyZM0OMZGxgJ2cuXKv29xGShwFnQGNKebx5pMqgNKCieMpQB4AQxaTb4VEJDlOO%2BdZJ9ZdrpuMy%2FcA%2FsJLokSwresrbC8T19Cu1%2Bqvj39w2vAfjFwti0Fx8xdy6OWMWnISeXTuQchbtFZSMfWhTi97aGif%2BUTk3JcRG4ATHFScwL%2BaEE%2FGDDI6cmFnXDksZ7%2FUg9pkSCbc3pQuF2fYQncJektDdkEDLHI1OGE2IqBeAgeV0GykqdTxkJLh5l2%2Fevp8lgi6QFH9%2FjTWr1VcnWvYqGhScBJsQx%2BRex%2FU9b1t1yq27O7Ac2RY63xjxHTRoVOvLaoPvRGMEG%2FSscRLhkN2ssInVCzlGyIBH7lEJ5qsaMprY8l%2FR%2BC4hQuADGNIDBQIUiQn1kaw0dLCjU9%2BQhuQ0MhK0%2FN9P4tnpb%2Bxljvx5Jctovv3DKTqgkhifaHc5KQ%2BIzwg%2FAija4CZvsVagXspvNbYXkBWBqQ%2BV3%2FYsrldlV0vPN8KNi8oSUwHrahhMX6vdocwtO4NvLV%2FRn3W0RD93I8llwSzBkUAq5Q%2FbodOUmhHDO9TIevmirtd6DAvJUisKEGCU5lQOClY7%2BnthKIJ2fWk9DzOFkFzTlo8nSBy3%2BuyGslPo7XHs12hsWMP3d0G9bKTdj7wAZMTkFKTN%2Fx8Fa8bni6RggLwXMYhBF3zAzCM4FtN2HXM5g4gepJqxfCeow4%2FTczQY6sQEhaRPmku%2BUsY291osXumyhcrbioiCybhOb%2FcKz8tK30IRUTgHjkN%2FNbDp85EmHe7FO9OIjlVmntY2%2BFifqeu7AxRS64yfeP3l360TYPLi0nWEoP5Pj4zi8n4TwUQ8y7Lzg6k60TIe5fzJjONL%2Frt%2FtrBsb1VITyTnAJoKvbOsF1or7I2kOWdfU4UJMEroaeyFubzxDu357ze2B3UkklAvzKxSF2UmZSzJ9AE51mRePPpY%3D&X-Amz-Signature=f3a328c3c50943cddc720613d8469c574377e9c5a1d6052f550ed2277327ec2e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Graph of CPTu investigation results for Pile 1 (left graph) and Pile 2 (right graph) [9].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379824e662f30ba53f85f/j_sgem-2021-0026_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKHTUB44VK%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T022232Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCzJZ4bVC6Upw1ddg7F2AXjcyG5Jd%2BkYifCLCmIYhcSHQIgRicZHSGGdymvEmpyUj8WrnWiSIaXbn%2BHqGQSAdHOaQ4qxAUIyP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDNv4uuVPgghO5o3m2SqYBWySS8qaLe3K3%2B2KpuYM3E7ALk6xGA%2BWp5FgDLAR5RJQ7Hfyxhykr8o5k07o46M6TE1W1t99hvtk45GSzQvmb0RDG8DT6ZnP0%2FyWs%2BX5JBM6EswuEAWBzLxKN76sQ2j6qAnZqTalraPMSIOAjC8nIqa0m907lmu2zqesdXx2nZyqSSNalLjvzyZM0OMZGxgJ2cuXKv29xGShwFnQGNKebx5pMqgNKCieMpQB4AQxaTb4VEJDlOO%2BdZJ9ZdrpuMy%2FcA%2FsJLokSwresrbC8T19Cu1%2Bqvj39w2vAfjFwti0Fx8xdy6OWMWnISeXTuQchbtFZSMfWhTi97aGif%2BUTk3JcRG4ATHFScwL%2BaEE%2FGDDI6cmFnXDksZ7%2FUg9pkSCbc3pQuF2fYQncJektDdkEDLHI1OGE2IqBeAgeV0GykqdTxkJLh5l2%2Fevp8lgi6QFH9%2FjTWr1VcnWvYqGhScBJsQx%2BRex%2FU9b1t1yq27O7Ac2RY63xjxHTRoVOvLaoPvRGMEG%2FSscRLhkN2ssInVCzlGyIBH7lEJ5qsaMprY8l%2FR%2BC4hQuADGNIDBQIUiQn1kaw0dLCjU9%2BQhuQ0MhK0%2FN9P4tnpb%2Bxljvx5Jctovv3DKTqgkhifaHc5KQ%2BIzwg%2FAija4CZvsVagXspvNbYXkBWBqQ%2BV3%2FYsrldlV0vPN8KNi8oSUwHrahhMX6vdocwtO4NvLV%2FRn3W0RD93I8llwSzBkUAq5Q%2FbodOUmhHDO9TIevmirtd6DAvJUisKEGCU5lQOClY7%2BnthKIJ2fWk9DzOFkFzTlo8nSBy3%2BuyGslPo7XHs12hsWMP3d0G9bKTdj7wAZMTkFKTN%2Fx8Fa8bni6RggLwXMYhBF3zAzCM4FtN2HXM5g4gepJqxfCeow4%2FTczQY6sQEhaRPmku%2BUsY291osXumyhcrbioiCybhOb%2FcKz8tK30IRUTgHjkN%2FNbDp85EmHe7FO9OIjlVmntY2%2BFifqeu7AxRS64yfeP3l360TYPLi0nWEoP5Pj4zi8n4TwUQ8y7Lzg6k60TIe5fzJjONL%2Frt%2FtrBsb1VITyTnAJoKvbOsF1or7I2kOWdfU4UJMEroaeyFubzxDu357ze2B3UkklAvzKxSF2UmZSzJ9AE51mRePPpY%3D&X-Amz-Signature=08fc667bff38c67e0cdcd33a060e9875183e2d04cfb2d0ffb9047470e1bc5acb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6a

Figure 6b

Figure 7a

Figure 7b

Figure 8a

Figure 8b

Figure 9a

Figure 9b

Figure 10a

Figure 10b

Static load test values for Pile 1_
| Dimensions | N2 [kN] | s2 [mm] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pile nr 1 | D=0,8 m | 6100 | 14,05 |
| 5800 | 12,29 | ||
| 5500 | 10,42 | ||
| H=18,05 m | 5200 | 9,42 | |
| 4900 | 8,28 | ||
| 4600 | 7,21 | ||
| 4300 | 6,36 | ||
| Technology: CFA | 4000 | 5,64 | |
| 3700 | 4,75 | ||
| 3400 | 4,23 | ||
| 3100 | 3,56 | ||
| 2800 | 2,83 | ||
| 2400 | 2,24 | ||
| 2000 | 1,76 | ||
| 1600 | 1,27 | ||
| 1200 | 1,12 | ||
| 800 | 0,74 |
Static load test values for Pile_
| Dimensions | N2 [kN] | s2 [mm] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pile nr 2 | D=0,8 m | 4800 | 25,46 |
| 4500 | 18,23 | ||
| 4200 | 13,28 | ||
| H=18,05 m | 3900 | 8,85 | |
| 3600 | 6,83 | ||
| 3300 | 5,48 | ||
| 3000 | 4,42 | ||
| Technology: CFA | 2700 | 3,6 | |
| 2400 | 2,89 | ||
| 2100 | 2,27 | ||
| 1800 | 1,69 | ||
| 1500 | 1,28 | ||
| 1200 | 0,98 | ||
| 900 | 0,7 | ||
| 600 | 0,43 | ||
| 300 | 0,2 |