Figure 1
![Loaded pile scheme.Symbols on Figure 1:
D- pile diameter [m]
h- length of the pile in the soil [m]
l- arm of bending space [m]
N1- load at the base of the pile [MN]
N2- load at the head of the pile [MN]
N(z)- axial force in the pile at z depth [MN]
τ(z)- shear stress on the pile skin at z depth [MPa]
s- settlement value of the pile [mm]
s(z)- settlement of the pile at z depth [mm]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379824e662f30ba53f85f/j_sgem-2021-0026_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKIEI4XKH2%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T034852Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAAaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCICxb5pbS5doLZnyseWkJL7iStd9Qn3mYfQzBLYmlH1L3AiA5DjGZdOApXq7DeQhZTRnX4EC3ZTTwxx9uzuvMcD0nnirFBQjJ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMyuBtKSe08Qe7LwgiKpkFXDlIdYSSZICWxharGKMOyPZMbW4%2BPpj8Vj6i4THVVFYtwrfGQCM%2FbHTy1l%2Bez7Qut8WOpb2kidyZ%2BeiBZPTnj0hTLpva0RSBxLeUnUkFhYFEVhjDoPkFaUBzSUo1udKCc9YAWu5QlMR8MR4crBTT3fHibrSKweqGRT0YPHUZ7Fvl9NW%2BJdL1BU3pBOfhpO0pgZMDW8zqIh3c2bexI%2FKe4E%2FK85HHQ%2FmYFhMJX0TQMGkv2Ma6i9yn0UybTnQIgzKwfd7t08rYGKM7ULGaBjs3beFCwcN70orgnaWn227Ynaug2q6I4fmvT7Qo%2FFmqXINNx4CpH1sAna4TJmBVMU42VdMMr9Y3SdPdLugB%2FOthGNV3z1UWx5tVCa%2FRDOeTiqLQc6whckPhdoxXMyCt7AX511%2BScx31gans8p99jSZBqHNt9rauUTI8QlXVSZsnkT7PnuuCA26z2KBjfc2IzbJPwUg%2FjEi%2BuYGy7%2Faxfo9jJPPrABPGELIj641pOU1gC%2FB6yqbqXl6dFoSgSLMg5zkTihLWw3QPSGxrLCuyAV29jKAIQbQDQkh4ou4LgjyGxGMU4hd6y2MWBO%2Bg%2FlDV5d27QTMIpfS8IvaMKEqPTXxzTpwisa0IZ796AwJLN4ydE%2FrrRRuLOQcScojcTdxAfWE6bHM%2FU1SyCMzZ9g9Sn7QaH0tf2MKFiJz0Z9%2BxK4F1PI9CdvGq0KDqZqiRXK6RnwzrvSDS3Jih75NGcu0sV08QEXvr9dCP8cYOysROQdkxQadKV8peGBc%2Flw5zky99Lyksj64%2BUPHrLqfWWguUePgejeSsVGg13dM6Hm4t06FMrYNLA%2FMzssnREDMHtCC1zaCktc%2BHzroDAP2WGrOJaYe98lp8nn6tR3D30dUwsILdzQY6sgH8RK4DHoOlPVv4GtOnWCntka3BEtiflmbzzChBIkcEfDs5KDkVlBCWTFJQo%2FQ7bf1taDg5ly4F%2B7Cti%2BOKPw3Jm%2BF1wwJGlNSro1ZeZHzZXuL3eEpli8THZp5q7yg0I48eeeB4mCjm3TNGxnoa4t1RxBaLmq4O69eFF8lqEjWv3XpHfsZDLHtOMTAPpay9ImrSgvPXnQYlBEdoqLVJtm%2Blpg4bf3pBgxFieN1B47p0s8oU&X-Amz-Signature=fc8fbd73e445123c3fdc6bff3a34a8151a686a400b0fb0d35968dd49e2863d15&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Placement of strain gauges for Pile 1, forces graph [9].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379824e662f30ba53f85f/j_sgem-2021-0026_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKIEI4XKH2%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T034852Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAAaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCICxb5pbS5doLZnyseWkJL7iStd9Qn3mYfQzBLYmlH1L3AiA5DjGZdOApXq7DeQhZTRnX4EC3ZTTwxx9uzuvMcD0nnirFBQjJ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMyuBtKSe08Qe7LwgiKpkFXDlIdYSSZICWxharGKMOyPZMbW4%2BPpj8Vj6i4THVVFYtwrfGQCM%2FbHTy1l%2Bez7Qut8WOpb2kidyZ%2BeiBZPTnj0hTLpva0RSBxLeUnUkFhYFEVhjDoPkFaUBzSUo1udKCc9YAWu5QlMR8MR4crBTT3fHibrSKweqGRT0YPHUZ7Fvl9NW%2BJdL1BU3pBOfhpO0pgZMDW8zqIh3c2bexI%2FKe4E%2FK85HHQ%2FmYFhMJX0TQMGkv2Ma6i9yn0UybTnQIgzKwfd7t08rYGKM7ULGaBjs3beFCwcN70orgnaWn227Ynaug2q6I4fmvT7Qo%2FFmqXINNx4CpH1sAna4TJmBVMU42VdMMr9Y3SdPdLugB%2FOthGNV3z1UWx5tVCa%2FRDOeTiqLQc6whckPhdoxXMyCt7AX511%2BScx31gans8p99jSZBqHNt9rauUTI8QlXVSZsnkT7PnuuCA26z2KBjfc2IzbJPwUg%2FjEi%2BuYGy7%2Faxfo9jJPPrABPGELIj641pOU1gC%2FB6yqbqXl6dFoSgSLMg5zkTihLWw3QPSGxrLCuyAV29jKAIQbQDQkh4ou4LgjyGxGMU4hd6y2MWBO%2Bg%2FlDV5d27QTMIpfS8IvaMKEqPTXxzTpwisa0IZ796AwJLN4ydE%2FrrRRuLOQcScojcTdxAfWE6bHM%2FU1SyCMzZ9g9Sn7QaH0tf2MKFiJz0Z9%2BxK4F1PI9CdvGq0KDqZqiRXK6RnwzrvSDS3Jih75NGcu0sV08QEXvr9dCP8cYOysROQdkxQadKV8peGBc%2Flw5zky99Lyksj64%2BUPHrLqfWWguUePgejeSsVGg13dM6Hm4t06FMrYNLA%2FMzssnREDMHtCC1zaCktc%2BHzroDAP2WGrOJaYe98lp8nn6tR3D30dUwsILdzQY6sgH8RK4DHoOlPVv4GtOnWCntka3BEtiflmbzzChBIkcEfDs5KDkVlBCWTFJQo%2FQ7bf1taDg5ly4F%2B7Cti%2BOKPw3Jm%2BF1wwJGlNSro1ZeZHzZXuL3eEpli8THZp5q7yg0I48eeeB4mCjm3TNGxnoa4t1RxBaLmq4O69eFF8lqEjWv3XpHfsZDLHtOMTAPpay9ImrSgvPXnQYlBEdoqLVJtm%2Blpg4bf3pBgxFieN1B47p0s8oU&X-Amz-Signature=83e8db6d3b518312c65e001d6c9428fc75989ac07185291ba660e0dd5bd6f151&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Graph of CPTu investigation results for Pile 1 (left graph) and Pile 2 (right graph) [9].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379824e662f30ba53f85f/j_sgem-2021-0026_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKIEI4XKH2%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T034852Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAAaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCICxb5pbS5doLZnyseWkJL7iStd9Qn3mYfQzBLYmlH1L3AiA5DjGZdOApXq7DeQhZTRnX4EC3ZTTwxx9uzuvMcD0nnirFBQjJ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMyuBtKSe08Qe7LwgiKpkFXDlIdYSSZICWxharGKMOyPZMbW4%2BPpj8Vj6i4THVVFYtwrfGQCM%2FbHTy1l%2Bez7Qut8WOpb2kidyZ%2BeiBZPTnj0hTLpva0RSBxLeUnUkFhYFEVhjDoPkFaUBzSUo1udKCc9YAWu5QlMR8MR4crBTT3fHibrSKweqGRT0YPHUZ7Fvl9NW%2BJdL1BU3pBOfhpO0pgZMDW8zqIh3c2bexI%2FKe4E%2FK85HHQ%2FmYFhMJX0TQMGkv2Ma6i9yn0UybTnQIgzKwfd7t08rYGKM7ULGaBjs3beFCwcN70orgnaWn227Ynaug2q6I4fmvT7Qo%2FFmqXINNx4CpH1sAna4TJmBVMU42VdMMr9Y3SdPdLugB%2FOthGNV3z1UWx5tVCa%2FRDOeTiqLQc6whckPhdoxXMyCt7AX511%2BScx31gans8p99jSZBqHNt9rauUTI8QlXVSZsnkT7PnuuCA26z2KBjfc2IzbJPwUg%2FjEi%2BuYGy7%2Faxfo9jJPPrABPGELIj641pOU1gC%2FB6yqbqXl6dFoSgSLMg5zkTihLWw3QPSGxrLCuyAV29jKAIQbQDQkh4ou4LgjyGxGMU4hd6y2MWBO%2Bg%2FlDV5d27QTMIpfS8IvaMKEqPTXxzTpwisa0IZ796AwJLN4ydE%2FrrRRuLOQcScojcTdxAfWE6bHM%2FU1SyCMzZ9g9Sn7QaH0tf2MKFiJz0Z9%2BxK4F1PI9CdvGq0KDqZqiRXK6RnwzrvSDS3Jih75NGcu0sV08QEXvr9dCP8cYOysROQdkxQadKV8peGBc%2Flw5zky99Lyksj64%2BUPHrLqfWWguUePgejeSsVGg13dM6Hm4t06FMrYNLA%2FMzssnREDMHtCC1zaCktc%2BHzroDAP2WGrOJaYe98lp8nn6tR3D30dUwsILdzQY6sgH8RK4DHoOlPVv4GtOnWCntka3BEtiflmbzzChBIkcEfDs5KDkVlBCWTFJQo%2FQ7bf1taDg5ly4F%2B7Cti%2BOKPw3Jm%2BF1wwJGlNSro1ZeZHzZXuL3eEpli8THZp5q7yg0I48eeeB4mCjm3TNGxnoa4t1RxBaLmq4O69eFF8lqEjWv3XpHfsZDLHtOMTAPpay9ImrSgvPXnQYlBEdoqLVJtm%2Blpg4bf3pBgxFieN1B47p0s8oU&X-Amz-Signature=e624ef565b3c0303c41f667a76990fac231256702c5b1b4e4994fad44d987581&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6a

Figure 6b

Figure 7a

Figure 7b

Figure 8a

Figure 8b

Figure 9a

Figure 9b

Figure 10a

Figure 10b

Static load test values for Pile 1_
| Dimensions | N2 [kN] | s2 [mm] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pile nr 1 | D=0,8 m | 6100 | 14,05 |
| 5800 | 12,29 | ||
| 5500 | 10,42 | ||
| H=18,05 m | 5200 | 9,42 | |
| 4900 | 8,28 | ||
| 4600 | 7,21 | ||
| 4300 | 6,36 | ||
| Technology: CFA | 4000 | 5,64 | |
| 3700 | 4,75 | ||
| 3400 | 4,23 | ||
| 3100 | 3,56 | ||
| 2800 | 2,83 | ||
| 2400 | 2,24 | ||
| 2000 | 1,76 | ||
| 1600 | 1,27 | ||
| 1200 | 1,12 | ||
| 800 | 0,74 |
Static load test values for Pile_
| Dimensions | N2 [kN] | s2 [mm] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pile nr 2 | D=0,8 m | 4800 | 25,46 |
| 4500 | 18,23 | ||
| 4200 | 13,28 | ||
| H=18,05 m | 3900 | 8,85 | |
| 3600 | 6,83 | ||
| 3300 | 5,48 | ||
| 3000 | 4,42 | ||
| Technology: CFA | 2700 | 3,6 | |
| 2400 | 2,89 | ||
| 2100 | 2,27 | ||
| 1800 | 1,69 | ||
| 1500 | 1,28 | ||
| 1200 | 0,98 | ||
| 900 | 0,7 | ||
| 600 | 0,43 | ||
| 300 | 0,2 |