Figure 1
![Final energy consumption by sectors (%) [13].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378f34e662f30ba53f813/j_sgem-2019-0044_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251021%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251021T224820Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=631ea09435977525cb076e9b36ab6056d3aa9e258512b45dce0f117a06c8f67c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Final energy consumption by sector (million tonnes of oil equivalent) [13].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378f34e662f30ba53f813/j_sgem-2019-0044_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251021%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251021T224820Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=8cf1e7352df7008e015b964ded56e397c2c1af92c4d056c1404fb69263d90d8a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Types of ventilated facades: (a) open joint and (b) closed joint [14].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647378f34e662f30ba53f813/j_sgem-2019-0044_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251021%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251021T224820Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=0a9e95821cf66a6afc8476db09ccfe8e607d5530cd1554f420aaf0594e88faf1&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Chart 1

Characteristic values of temperature_
P1 | P3 | P7 | P10/P17 | P11/P14/P20 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Localisation | Starting point | 40 cm from the wall | Internal edge of the | Air cavity | External edge of | |||||
Standard facade | 293.15 K (20°C) | 100% | 319.07 K (45.92°C) | 100% | 342.73 K (69.58°C) | 100% | - | - | 341.51 K (68.36°C) | 100% |
Closed-joint ventilated facade | 293.15 K (20°C) | 100% | 303.96 K (30.81°C) | 95,3% | 315.34 K (42.19°C) | 92.0% | 313.81 K (40.66°C) | 99.3% | 340.93 K (67.78°C) | 99.8% |
Open-joint ventilated facade | 293.15 K (20°C) | 100% | 303.55 K (30.40°C) | 95,1% | 313.91 K (40.76°C) | 91.6% | 316.02 K (42.87°C) | 100% | 338.59 K (65.44°C) | 99.1% |
Thermodynamic parameters of materials_
Materials | Density (kg/m3) | Specific Heat (J/[kg·K]) | Thermal Conductivity (W/[m·K]) |
---|---|---|---|
Silicate blocks | 1900 | 880 | 0.800 |
Polyurethane – insulation | 30 | 133 | 0.0207 |
Fibre cement boards | 1800 | 920 | 0.400 |