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Probation as a Necessity in the Republic of North Macedonia Cover

Probation as a Necessity in the Republic of North Macedonia

By: Betim Jahja and  Ismail Zejneli  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

References

  1. United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules), Adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution 45/110 of 14 December 1990.
  2. Kambovski, V. Criminal Law, General Part, Third Revised Edition, Skopje, 2006.
  3. Kalmthout, A. M., &Durnescu, I. (eds.). Probation in Europe. Wolf Legal Publishers, 2009.
  4. Confederation of European Probation. Available at: http://cep-probation.org/
  5. Criminal Code, Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No. 19/2004.
  6. State Statistical Office. Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Macedonia, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015.
  7. Law on Probation, Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No. 226 of 25.12.2015, entered into force in November 2016.
  8. Law on Criminal Procedure, Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No. 150 of 18.11.2010.
  9. Can Law on Probation Improve the Implementation of the Measures for Providing the Defendant’s Presence in the Criminal Trials in Macedonia? (2019), Faculty of Law Osijek, Croatia, EU and Comparative Law Issues and Challenges Series – ECLIC.
  10. Monitoring of Implementation of the Strategy for Probation Service in the Republic of North Macedonia (2021–2025), Monitoring period: 2024, Helsinki Committee for Human Rights.
  11. Abadinsky, H., Probation and Parole, Theory and Practice, 7-th Ed., Prentice Hall., 2001
  12. Arnaudovski, Lj. and GruevskaDrakulevski, A., Penology, 2-ri Avgust, Stip, 2013
  13. Arnaudovski, Lj., Court Management, 2-ri AvgustStip, 2010
  14. Buzarovska, G., Alternative Measures in Macedonian Criminal Legislation, Macedonian Review for Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 13, No. 2., 2006, p. 213-232
  15. Buzarovska, G.; Andreevska, S.; Tumanovski, A., Application of the Pretrial Detention Pursuant to the Criminal Procedure Code of 2010 – Legal Analysis, OSCE, Skopje, 2015
  16. Corre, N. and Wolchover, D., Bail in Criminal Proceedings, 3-rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2007
  17. Haddad, J.B. et al, Criminal Procedure, Cases and Comments, 5-th ed. Foundation Press, New York, 1998 10. Hucklesby, A., Bail Support Schemes for Adults, The Policy Press, University of Bristol, UK, 2011
  18. Hucklesby, A.; Marshall, E., Tackling Offending on Bail, The Howard Journal, Vol. 39, No.2, 2000, p. 150-170
  19. Kambovski, V., Criminal Law – substantive part, Kultura, Skopje, 2004
Language: English
Page range: 20 - 31
Published on: Dec 31, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Related subjects:

© 2025 Betim Jahja, Ismail Zejneli, published by South East European University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.