Figure 1
Figure 2
Outcome findings of the studied groups (≥ 65 years [n=53])
| Parameter | Total (n = 53) | RRA (n = 18) | LRA (n = 35) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean ± SD( | 67.6 ± 3.3 | 68.8 ± 5.2 | 67.0 ± 1.3 | 0.055* |
| RA Spasm | 9.0 (17.0%) | 6.0 (33.3%) | 3.0 (8.6%) | 0.048**** |
| Radial Tortuosity | 5.0 (9.4%) | 4.0 (22.2%) | 1.0 (2.9%) | 0.040**** |
| Subclavian Tortuosity | 17.0 (32.1%) | 11.0 (61.1%) | 6.0 (17.1%) | 0.001*** |
| Exposure Time (seconds) Median (IQR) | 190.00 (101.00–372.00) | 314.00 (214.25–488.5) | 110.00 (90.5–234.5) | < .001** |
| Patient Comfort | 51.0 (96.2%) | 16.0 (88.9%) | 35.0 (100.0%) | 0.044*** |
Multivariable logistic regression model for predictors of subclavian tortuosity_
| Predictor | p | Odds ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| RRA (LRA as reference) | 0.002 | 6.1026 | 1.9024 | 19.576 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 0.003 | 5.8884 | 1.8330 | 18.917 |
Outcome findings of the studied groups_
| Parameter | Total (n = 100) | RRA (n = 52) | LRA (n = 48) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RA Spasm | 27.0 (27.0%) | 23.0 (44.2%) | 4.0 (8.3%) | < 0.001** |
| Radial Tortuosity | 13.0 (13.0%) | 12.0 (23.1%) | 1.0 (2.1%) | 0.002** |
| Subclavian Tortuosity | 24.0 (24.0%) | 17.0 (32.7%) | 7.0 (14.6%) | 0.034** |
| LM Cannulation Easiness | 90.0 (90.0%) | 44.0 (84.6%) | 46.0 (95.8%) | 0.062** |
| RCA Cannulation Easiness | 91.0 (91.0%) | 46.0 (88.5%) | 45.0 (93.8%) | 0.356** |
| Exposure Time (seconds) Median (IQR) | 202.50 (109.75–348.75) | 254.00 (161–469.50) | 129.00 (87.75–246.50) | < 0.001* |
| Complications | ------- | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ------- |
| Patient Comfort | 87.0 (87.0%) | 39.0 (75.0%) | 48.0 (100.0%) | < 0.001* |
| Cross-over (other radial side) | 6.0 (6.0%) | 5.0 (9.6%) | 1.0 (2.1%) | 0.207*** |
| Cross-over (radial/femoral) | 4.0 (4.0%) | 3.0 (5.8%) | 1.0 (2.1%) | 0.619*** |
Baseline characteristics of the studied groups_
| Parameter | Total (n = 100) | RRA (n = 52) | LRA (n = 48) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 63.2 ± 6.3 | 62.1 ± 6.4 | 64.5 ± 6.1 | 0.056* |
| Sex | Male | 51.0 (51.0%) | 22.0 (42.3%) | 29.0 (60.4%) | 0.070** |
| Female | 49.0 (49.0%) | 30.0 (57.7%) | 19.0 (39.6%) | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 47.0 (47.0%) | 21.0 (40.4%) | 26.0 (54.2%) | 0.168** |
| Family History | Positive | 12.0 (12.0%) | 9.0 (17.3%) | 3.0 (6.2%) | 0.125*** |
| Comorbidities | DM | 36.0 (36.0%) | 19.0 (36.5%) | 17.0 (35.4%) | 0.907** |
| HTN | 64.0 (64.0%) | 32.0 (61.5%) | 32.0 (66.7%) | 0.594** | |
| IHD | 61.0 (61.0%) | 28.0 (53.8%) | 33.0 (68.8%) | 0.127** | |
| Post-CABG | 2.0 (2.0%) | 0.0 (0.0%) | 2.0 (4.2%) | 0.228*** | |
| VHD | 9.0 (9.0%) | 5.0 (9.6%) | 4.0 (8.3%) | 1.000*** |