Three-dimensional Feature Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Two-Dimensional Algorithm

Tomoaia, Raluca; Lwin, May; Soo, Chin Yit; Anderton, Thomas; Kamani, Christel; Javed, Wasim; Wahab, Ali; Plein, Sven

doi:10.2478/rjc-2024-0024

Figures & Tables

3D feature tracking analysis in HCM.
Example of 3D feature tracking measurements in a patient with HCM and fibrosis: The upper panel (A) shows three short-axis slices highlighting regions of fibrosis. The middle panel (B) presents the corresponding bullseye maps for each type of strain. Panel C demonstrates an example of myocardial tracking in the short-axis (left), global longitudinal strain curve (upper right), and individual circumferential strain values by segment (lower right). — 3D feature tracking analysis in HCM. Example of 3D feature tracking measurements in a patient with HCM and fibrosis: The upper panel (A) shows three short-axis slices highlighting regions of fibrosis. The middle panel (B) presents the corresponding bullseye maps for each type of strain. Panel C demonstrates an example of myocardial tracking in the short-axis (left), global longitudinal strain curve (upper right), and individual circumferential strain values by segment (lower right).

Concordance between 2D and 3D strain measurements. GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; LAX, long axis; SAX, short axis.

CMR characteristics of HCM patients

Variable	HCM patients (n=60)
Age (years), mean ± SD	58.2 ± 15.8
Male, n (%)	40 (66.7)
BMI (g/m²), mean ± SD	29 ± 6.4
Distribution of LVH, n (%)
Septal	34 (56.7)
Apical	15 (25)
Anterior	4 (6.7)
Mid-ventricular	2 (3.3)
Lateral	1 (1.7)
Multiple segments	4 (6.7)
MWT, (mm), mean ± SD	16.9 ± 4.4
Number segments LVH, mean ± SD	4.3 ± 2.4
Spiral pattern LVH, n (%)	16 (26.7)
Papillary muscles LVH, n (%)	27 (45)
LV intracavitary obstruction, n (%)	11 (18.3)
Aneurysms, n (%)	6 (10.2)
Crypts, n (%)	13 (21.7)
Presence of LGE, n (%)	43 (72.9%)
Number segments LGE, median [IQR]	2 [0-4]
Presence of LGE in segments with LVH, n (%)	38 (64.4)
LVEDV (mL), mean ± SD	159.9 ± 44
LVEDV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	79.6 ± 19.7
LVESV (mL), mean ± SD	58.3 ± 25
LVESV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	29.8 ± 13.3
LVEF (%), mean ± SD	64.4 ± 9.8
SV (mL), mean ± SD	101.6 ± 28.7
SV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	51 ± 11.6
LV mass (g), median [IQR]	147 [109.5 – 187]
LV mass index (g/m²), median [IQR]	71.9 [57.2 – 90.4]
RVEDV (mL), mean ± SD	139.1 ± 41.8
RVEDV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	69.1± 16.6
RVESV (mL), mean ± SD	56.9 ± 22.4
RVESV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	28 ± 9.3
RVEF, % (mean ± SD)	58.8 ± 12.8
LA area (cm²), median [IQR]	28.5 [25 – 31.5]
GLS 3D, % (mean ± SD)	-9.9 ± 3.5
GLS 2D, % (mean ± SD)	-12.6 ± 2.6
GCS 3D, % (mean ± SD)	-16.3 ± 6.6
GCS 2D, % (mean ± SD)	-16.6 ± 2.4
GRS 3D, % (mean ± SD)	38.7 ± 13.9
GRS 2D, % (mean ± SD)	27.9 ± 6

Comparison between 3D FT parameters between HCM and healthy volunteers_

3D FT parameter	HCM	Healthy volunteers¹¹	p value
GLS 3D	-9.9 ± 3.5	-14.6 ± 2.7	<0.0001
GCS 3D	-16.3 ± 6.6	-17.6 ± 2.6	0.08
GRS 3D	38.7 ± 13.9	47.4 ± 12.9	0.0001

Correlations between 3D strain and other CMR parameters

	GCS 3D	GLS 3D	GRS 3D
Age	0.15	0.12	-0.08
MWT	0.44	-0.02	-0.02
LV mass index	0.35	0.20	-0.21
Number of segments with LVH	-0.02	0.07	-0.11
Number of segments with LGE	0.11	0.03	-0.05
LVEDV index	0.09	0.12	-0.14
LVESV index	0.49	0.02	-0.20
SV index	0.02	0.09	0
RVEDV index	-0.05	0.23	0.13
RVEF	-0.02	0.10	0
LVEF	-0.18	-0.03	0.23

CMR characteristics of HCM phenotypes

Variable	Septal HCM (n=34)	Apical HCM (n=15)	P value
Age (years), mean ± SD	59.7 ± 14.8	60.4 ± 14.8	0.87
BMI (g/m²), mean ± SD	28.6 ± 5.9	28.6 ± 6.1	0.99
MWT, (mm), mean ± SD	16.8 ± 4.8	15.2 ± 1.7	0.23
Number segments LVH, mean ± SD	3.6 ± 2.2	5.3 ± 0.7	0.006
Spiral pattern LVH, n (%)	12 (35.3)	1 (6.7)	0.04
Papillary muscles LVH, n (%)	13 (28.2)	9 (60)	0.16
LV intracavitary obstruction, n (%)	6 (17.6)	2 (13.3)	0.73
Aneurysms, n (%)	2 (5.9)	3 (20)	0.12
Crypts, n (%)	10 (29,4)	0 (0)	0.06
Presence of LGE, n (%)	20 (58.8)	9 (60)	0.97
Number segments LGE, median [IQR]	1 [0-4]	1 [0-2]	0.95
Presence of LGE in segments with LVH, n (%)	19 (55.9)	10 (66.7)	0.55
LVEDV (mL), mean ± SD	164 ± 46.1	152.1 ± 45.7	0.41
LVEDV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	81.5 ± 22.7	76.1 ± 15.3	0.41
LVESV (mL), mean ± SD	59.9 ± 25.5	58.9 ± 28.6	0.9
LVESV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	31.2 ± 14.9	28.9 ± 11.2	0.6
LVEF (%), mean ± SD	64.7 ± 8.7	62.3 ± 11.8	0.42
SV (mL), mean ± SD	104.1 ± 26.4	93.2 ± 30.5	0.21
SV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	51.9 ± 11.6	47.2 ± 12.7	0.21
LV mass (g), median [IQR]	155.5 [111 - 188]	146 [122.5 - 163]	0.56
LV mass index (g/m²), median [IQR]	76.1 [61.8 – 90.2]	73.2 [57.2 – 89.5]	0.78
RVEDV (mL), mean ± SD	143.1 ± 39.5	139.1 ± 43.9	0.75
RVEDV index (mL/m²), mean ± SD	71.1± 16.3	69.4± 15.1	0.73
RVESV (mL), mean ± SD	62.7 ± 21	54.4 ± 25.7	0.24
RVESV index (mL/m2), mean ± SD	30.9 ± 8.5	26.6 ± 10	0.13
RVEF, % (mean ± SD)	55.3 ± 13.1	62.6 ± 8.9	0.054
LA area (cm²), median [IQR]	28.5 [25-32]	30 [26.3-30.1]	0.72
GLS 3D, % (mean ± SD)	-10.5 ± 2.9	-7.4 ± 4.1	0.004
GLS 2D, % (mean ± SD)	-12.9 ± 2	-11.7 ± 3.2	0.14
GCS 3D, % (mean ± SD)	-15.1 ± 8.3	-18.4 ± 2.7	0.14
GCS 2D, % (mean ± SD)	-16.7 ± 2.2	-16.4 ± 2.7	0.65
GRS 3D, % (mean ± SD)	39.8 ± 12.3	38.8 ± 15.9	0.8
GRS 2D, % (mean ± SD)	27.8 ± 5.7	28 ± 6.9	0.94

Three-dimensional Feature Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Two-Dimensional Algorithm

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

CMR characteristics of HCM patients

Comparison between 3D FT parameters between HCM and healthy volunteers_

Correlations between 3D strain and other CMR parameters

CMR characteristics of HCM phenotypes

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