Figure 1
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Figure 4
![Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from right coronary sinus of Valsalva [8].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647364c34e662f30ba53c626/j_rjc-2022-0001_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKBPCYPRE7%2F20260120%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260120T060457Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjENn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQD%2FG6iUQGZGErFp%2FDklL72RXS6KfKaLozed%2B4%2BCD3eVDQIhAJpEqIVDYthriw7%2B9mecIs3jAfdjHFDusWccuhCJ29lTKsYFCKL%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgxF2k%2F23wCv6Khad0oqmgVc8QLejzXB%2Fod9nNgCGRNPkZtAOyF9tH7l9PQT4JJz%2BomOLdFohZSPMxY1FDGT6Y8fFfj7IN%2Ff9yy3yfb7Q7E6VK8jN4VVBvCw03PO30jnik4Of70AOfBHZh6%2BT%2BFZB9Kl8yr0lI%2FUIa4xr59c%2FzmWKPsSz8DmnJlapDtG4wYHFmUIcQ6w8RV86w5IDO9kOaMWI3ooVK6aaBya7fNmWPZdZVsMoBw7fMJrPsy%2F5X%2BN%2BMTk8NP2yogdNCz4bksiXLhmbTXNDZocaUvy4akM6WhH%2FWSdTK7AE%2BMl0ftmq%2FvZmMQa3QY5Ej%2FlWtnEyddnWzqD3LMyIfGBiWgscQjoXV1%2B9f3SAbvr4kUhEgPxLRk61r2eHhKZQkQRRRZu4l3dElcGCd9rpTCIlXRziY6AZFs6%2BHwmRyyUeSauvuXkk8b%2BlPpVhRfV5BHqNnT%2Bw8dWpr3ni1qOzCbBrEMu7gvZiWxuiYlOZNq1DU0EfB6f3TjDfTy8zpeOdeuOTw1LCdViTPRj1uimESuZ1P8Hde6F3DZivpFn2SIAiiQHU7HVdkMrITNKdsgXDwq0BHgHfFP9Xhp2bEF6xb2dGg4V38NdXRY7hWZlnxCaqJgqihTlqqMLL7LcyAqiusuPxOcE%2FWKBVYkUMq9jlJCRKKBsuDTD3mCIMucQYw4DYog3BCHynip4%2F3I7yXM%2FJDUVfFXLjMmxOmeB2ZiGZE9gBnPajR%2BO37voPxMr%2BK9qu2aiILUF3GkyPf%2Fq%2BHB7EmTNPhv0szoEfSPRGpmAK7dY4Xp1DlPJVu555dZlxs2MRVe2NEwli1rxv7RbZbFH%2FsX0o0Go%2FknMT0OfBhuL4%2Bk%2B0QBjOy9ihBdDtqDrBS8znu8vkJQNPCsp8lBWy6hWR%2Faa%2BDgwupy7ywY6sAExZvv0jxbafpbsDrskZfj5ROKz02G%2BxDsn71Gey%2BHP%2BgelDEGLi2hx%2BQaEQfokW4rd1UfgLByVHFl2YhafjCML8V73KKpVs8t30No2tj1JZ382XV0hBrRvu4d0g6cWvO%2FhQNDxSGyRBBlcVJzGIVkFYHOMkkRiwrMYvEFQsbwHZr04OLEQ6eF44b4OlhmnPvwumgO58SgOBC11WgosHBBdNjxLe9EDn5y%2BaXMzQOs5FQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=81e4b913ff21765b69da0b01a66b8ed5d9c64fdcde5a47b6e12742c1e7d9e46c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 5
Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with coronary anomalies
| • Age | 65 (42–81) | |
| • Gender | Female | 59% |
| Male | ||
| • Presenting symptoms | ||
| Typical chest pain | 32.25% | |
| Atypical chest pain | 61.29% | |
| No chest pain | 6.46% | |
| Presenting with STEMI | 6.45% | |
| Presenting with NSTE-ACS | 6.45% | |
| • Risk factors | ||
| Hypertension | 77.4% | |
| Diabetes | 16.12% | |
| Dyslipidemia | 64.51% | |
| Smoking | 25.8% | |
| • Underling cardiac problems | ||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 16.12% | |
| Previous coronary intervention | 25.8% | |
| Previous dilated cardiomyopathy | 19.35% | |
| Valvular heart disease (at least moderate severity) | 35.5% | |
Annuary incidence of different types of coronary artery anomalies
| Type of coronary artery anomaly | Number | Incidence among 5832 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anomalous origin of LCx from the RCA | 12 | 0.205% | |
| Anomalous origin of RCA from right coronary sinus of Valsalva | 6 | 0.102% | |
| Anomalous origin of RCA from left coronary sinus of Valsalva | 3 | 0.051% | |
| Anomalous origin of LCA from right coronary sinus of Valsalva (figure 4) | 1 | 0.017% | |
| Fistulas | LCx to left atrium | 1 | 0.017% |
| LCx to pulmonary artery | 2 | 0.034% | |
| LAD to pulmonary artery | 1 | 0.017% | |
| Anomalous origin of marginal branch from right coronary sinus of Valsalva | 1 | 0.017% | |
| Anomalous origin of RCA from the LAD | 1 | 0.017% | |
| Anomalous origin of LAD from right coronary sinus of Valsalva | 1 | 0.017% | |
| Anomalous origin of LAD from the RCA | 1 | 0.017% | |
| Anomalous origin of LCx from right coronary sinus of Valsalva | 1 | 0.017% | |