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New Approaches to Complexity via Quantum Graphs Cover
By: Eric Culf and  Arthur Mehta  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Quantum circuit representation of the swap test.
Quantum circuit representation of the swap test.

Figure 2.

Representation of the construction of the circuit C1 ⊕p C2 from the circuits C1 and C2 in canonical form, with out(C2) < out(C1). Up is a unitary that implements the map |0〉↦p|0〉+1−p|1〉|0\rangle  \mapsto \sqrt p |0\rangle  + \sqrt {1 - p} |1\rangle  to good approximation.
Representation of the construction of the circuit C1 ⊕p C2 from the circuits C1 and C2 in canonical form, with out(C2) < out(C1). Up is a unitary that implements the map |0〉↦p|0〉+1−p|1〉|0\rangle \mapsto \sqrt p |0\rangle + \sqrt {1 - p} |1\rangle to good approximation.

Figure A1.

Construction of the channel from a QMA(2)-language verification circuit.
Construction of the channel from a QMA(2)-language verification circuit.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/qic-2025-0026 | Journal eISSN: 3106-0544 | Journal ISSN: 1533-7146
Language: English
Page range: 453 - 487
Submitted on: May 7, 2025
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Accepted on: Aug 27, 2025
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Published on: Dec 31, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Eric Culf, Arthur Mehta, published by Cerebration Science Publishing Co., Limited
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.