Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure S1.
Figure S2.
Figure S3.
Figure S4.
Publication bias assessment for muscle compensation and OSA severity
| Test Name | Value | P |
|---|---|---|
| Fail-Safe N | 0.000 | 0.147 |
| Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlation | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Egger’s Regression | –0.185 | 0.853 |
| Trim and Fill Number of Studies | 2.000 |
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
| Study or subgroup | Study design | Sample size | Age (mean) | Male (%) | Diagnosis of OSA | OSA severity/AHI (events/h) | Endotypes measured | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brooker 2023 (13) | Cross-sectional | 34 | 49.9 | 61 | PSG | 22.3 | Upper airway collapsibility, muscle compensation, loop gain, arousal threshold | 9 |
| Brooker 2024 (14) | Cross-sectional | 27 | 71.7 | 100 | PSG | 23.6 | Upper airway collapsibility, muscle compensation, loop gain, arousal threshold | 9 |
| Wang 2024a (9) | Cross-sectional | 562 | 41.0 | 84 | PSG | 57.2 | Upper airway collapsibility, muscle compensation, loop gain, arousal threshold | 6 |
| Wang 2024b (9) | Cross-sectional | 474 | 40.0 | 83 | PSG | 26.3 | Upper airway collapsibility, muscle compensation, loop gain, arousal threshold | 6 |
Publication bias assessment for upper airway collapse and OSA severity
| Test Name | Value | P |
|---|---|---|
| Fail-Safe N | 140.000 | <0.001 |
| Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlation | –0.333 | 0.750 |
| Egger’s Regression | 0.822 | 0.411 |
| Trim and Fill Number of Studies | 1.000 |
Publication bias assessment for arousal threshold and OSA severity
| Test Name | Value | P |
|---|---|---|
| Fail-Safe N | 83.000 | <0.001 |
| Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlation | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Egger’s Regression | 0.232 | 0.817 |
| Trim and Fill Number of Studies | 1.000 |
Quality assessment of the studies based on NOS
| Studies | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representativeness | Sample size | Response rate | Ascertainment of the screening tool | Assessment | Statistical test | |||
| Brooker 2023 (13) | ** | * | ** | * | ** | * | 9 | |
| Brooker 2024 (14) | ** | * | ** | * | ** | * | 9 | |
| Wang 2024 (9) | * | * | * | * | * | * | 6 | |
Publication bias assessment for loop gain and OSA severity
| Test Name | Value | P |
|---|---|---|
| Fail-Safe N | 101.000 | <0.001 |
| Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlation | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Egger’s Regression | 0.672 | 0.502 |
| Trim and Fill Number of Studies | 1.000 |