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Novel process strategy for tandem hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber: Simultaneous nitrile and olefin reduction with mitigated gelation Cover

Novel process strategy for tandem hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber: Simultaneous nitrile and olefin reduction with mitigated gelation

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

FTIR spectrum of RhH[P(i-Pr)3]3.

Figure 2

Effect of catalyst loading on hydrogenation of C≡Ns in NBR. (*: 0.8 mL catalyst solution [0.06 g catalyst, 0.1 mmol Rh], 100 mL 2.5 wt% NBR in THF, 60°C, 500 psig H2. **: the letters and numbers in the picture have no special meaning and only represent the experiment batch number).

Figure 3

Effect of temperature on hydrogenation of C≡Ns in NBR. (*: 0.8 mL catalyst solution [0.06 g catalyst, 0.1 mmol Rh], 100 mL 2.5 wt% NBR in THF, 500 psig H2. **: the letters and numbers in the picture have no special meaning and only represent the experiment batch number).

Figure 4

Effect of H2 pressure on hydrogenation of C≡Ns in NBR. (*: 0.8 mL catalyst solution [0.06 g catalyst, 0.1 mmol Rh], 100 mL NBR in THF [2.5 wt%], 60°C. **: the letters and numbers in the picture have no special meaning and only represent the experiment batch number).

Figure 5

Tandem hydrogenation of C═Cs and C≡Ns in NBR. (*: 0.8 mL catalyst solution [0.06 g catalyst, 0.1 mmol Rh], 100 mL NBR in THF [2.5 wt%], 60°C, 500 psig H2.).

Figure 6

Possible mechanism for tandem hydrogenation of nitrile and olefinic groups in NBR.

Figure 7

Mechanism for olefin hydrogenation using Wilkinson’s catalyst.

Figure 8

FTIR spectrum of hydrogenation of C≡Ns in NBR with TPP.

Figure 9

FTIR spectra of hydrogenation of nitrile and olefinic groups in NBR.

Summary of additives for gel formation reduction

Hydrogenation of C≡NHydrogenation of C═CGel formation
Acetic acidTerminatedTerminatedRubber coagulated
EthanolTerminatedTerminatedVisible gel
Chlorobenzene, MCBTerminatedTerminatedVisible gel
Methyl ethyl ketoneSlowerSlowerVisible gel
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxylSlowerSlowerVisible gel
TPPTerminatedNot terminatedNo visible gel
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2026-0003 | Journal eISSN: 3072-0389 | Journal ISSN: 1509-8117
Language: English
Page range: 33 - 43
Submitted on: Sep 10, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 23, 2026
Published on: Jun 8, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2026 Minghui Liu, Ziying Xiong, Hui Wang, Linbao Zhang, Qinmin Pan, Yanlong Zhao, published by West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.