The Accidents in Hyperbaric Chambers – Retrospective Analysis

Introduction: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a well-established medical intervention with documented clinical benefits. Nevertheless, the operation of hyperbaric chambers involves significant safety risks, particularly the potential for fire and explosion in high-oxygen environments. This study provides a retrospective analysis of extraordinary incidents associated with hyperbaric chamber operation, with the objective of identifying primary causes, consequences, and effective preventive strategies.

Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review of available scientific and grey literature. Eleven documented incidents meeting the specified inclusion criteria were evaluated. Data were organized by time and geographical location, aetiology, technical parameters of the equipment, consequences, and safety measures implemented. The data were then subjected to qualitative comparative analysis.

Result: Of the 11 events analyzed, 72.7% were attributed to fire or explosion resulting from sparks or non-compliance with oxygen safety protocols. Technical malfunctions accounted for 54.5% of cases, and human error contributed to 27.3%. These incidents resulted in 31 human fatalities and one animal fatality. The analysis identified the absence of a unified international incident reporting system as a barrier to effective prevention and knowledge dissemination. Conclusion: Mitigation of safety risks associated with HBOT requires the implementation of a unified global incident reporting system, comprehensive technical inspections, mandatory staff training, and explicit standards for non-clinical facilities. Systematic risk management and international collaboration are essential to improve the safety of both patients and personnel.