Figure 1.
Two concentrated coils on a single tooth.
Figure 2.
2D cross section of a 10p12s machine with concentrated windings.
Table 1.
Winding distribution of double layer 10p12s winding.
| Tooth number | U | V | W | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| 2 | −1 | - | - | 1 |
| 3 | - | −1 | - | 1 |
| 4 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| 5 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | - | - | −1 | 1 |
| 7 | −1 | - | - | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| 9 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| 10 | - | −1 | - | 1 |
| 11 | - | - | −1 | 1 |
| 12 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
Figure 3.
2D cross section of a 10p12s machine with breadloaf magnets.
Figure 4.
2D cross section of a 10p13s machine.
Table 2.
Winding distribution of quadruple layer 10p13s winding.
| Tooth number | U | V | W | Sum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.87 | - | - | 0.87 |
| 2 | −0.32 | 0.66 | - | 0.98 |
| 3 | - | −0.60 | 0.39 | 0.99 |
| 4 | 0.08 | - | −0.82 | 0.9 |
| 5 | −0.72 | - | 0.24 | 0.96 |
| 6 | 0.53 | −0.47 | - | 1 |
| 7 | - | 0.78 | −0.16 | 0.94 |
| 8 | - | −0.16 | 0.78 | 0.94 |
| 9 | 0.53 | - | −0.47 | 1 |
| 10 | −0.72 | 0.24 | - | 0.96 |
| 11 | 0.08 | −0.82 | - | 0.9 |
| 12 | - | 0.39 | −0.60 | 0.99 |
| 13 | −0.32 | - | 0.66 | 0.98 |
Figure 5.
Cogging torque comparison.
Table 3.
FEM simulation results.
| Mean torque (Nm) | 2.77 | 2.5 | 2.51 | 2.53 |
| Voltage constant (Vrms/rad) | 0.171 | 0.154 | 0.154 | 0.151 |
| Cogging torque (Nm) | 0.0524 | 0.0008 | 0.0126 | 0.0028 |
| Relative cogging torque (%) | 1.89 | 0.03 | 0.50 | 0.11 |
| Torque ripple under load (Nm) | 0.064 | 0.0035 | 0.0159 | 0.0065 |
| Relative torque ripple under load (%) | 2.30 | 0.14 | 0.63 | 0.26 |
| Lateral force ripple (N) | 0.025 | 0.016 | 0.201 | 0.879 |
Table 4.
FEM simulation results for eccentric rotor (0.2 mm shift off centre).
| Mean torque in Nm | 2.77 | 2.5 | 2.51 | 2.53 |
| Voltage constant in Vrms/rad | 0.171 | 0.154 | 0.154 | 0.151 |
| Cogging torque in Nm | 0.0588 | 0.0013 | 0.016 | 0.0208 |
| Relative cogging torque (%) | 2.12 | 0.05 | 0.64 | 0.82 |
| Torque ripple under load in Nm | 0.0686 | 0.008 | 0.0212 | 0.024 |
| Relative torque ripple under load (%) | 2.48 | 0.32 | 0.84 | 0.95 |
Figure 6.
Torque comparison.
Figure 7.
Induced voltage in no load operation.
Figure 8.
Induced voltage under 8 A/mm2 load operation.
Figure 9.
Radial forces under no load operation.
Figure 10.
Radial forces under load operation.
Figure 11.
Cogging torque comparison with rotor eccentricity.
Figure 12.
Torque comparison with rotor eccentricity.
Figure 13.
Induced voltage in no load operation with rotor eccentricity.
Figure 14.
Induced voltage under 8 A/mm2 load operation with rotor eccentricity.
Figure 15.
Radial forces under no load operation with rotor eccentricity.
Figure 16.
Radial forces under load operation with rotor eccentricity.