References
- Alguacil-Jiménez, M., Núñez-Pomar, J., Pérez-Campos, C., & Prado-Gascó, V. (2019). Perceived value, satisfaction and future intentions in sport services: Putting congruence and brand trust in the equation–linear models vs QCA. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 32(4), 566–579.
- Alguacil-Jiménez, M., Sánchez-García, J., & Valantine, I. (2020). Be congruent and I will be loyal: The case of sport services. Sport in Society, 23(2), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1607305
- Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological bulletin, 103(3), 411.
- Andreasson, J., & Johansson, T. (2014). The Fitness Revolution: Historical Transformations in the Global Gym and Fitness Culture. Sport Science Review, 23(3–4), 91–112.
- Assael, H. (1992). Consumer behavior and marketing action. Kent. Azza, T. B., & Norchene, B. D. M. (2017). Social and physical aspects of the service encounter: Effects on trust and customer loyalty to the service provider. Advances in Economics and Business, 5(1), 1–10.
- Behnam, M., Pyun, D. Y., Doyle, J. P., & Delshab, V. (2021). The impact of consumer knowledge on profitable consumer loyalty through perceived service quality and psychological involvement in non-profit sport clubs. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 22(2), 407–427.
- Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1993). Building a new academic field—The case of services marketing. Journal of Retailing, 69(1), 13–60.
- Bodet, G. (2008). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in service: Two concepts, four constructs, several relationships. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(3), 156–162.
- Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
- Brown, J. R., Crosno, J. L., & Tong, P. Y. (2019). Is the theory of trust and commitment in marketing relationships incomplete? Industrial Marketing Management, 77, 155–169.
- Buser, M., Woratschek, H., & Schönberner, J. (2022). ‘Going the extra mile’ in resource integration: Evolving a concept of sport sponsorship as an engagement platform. European Sport Management Quarterly, 22(4), 548–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2020.1820061
- Campos, F., ML Martins, F., Simões, V., & Franco, S. (2017). Fitness participants perceived quality by age and practiced activity. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(3), 698–704.
- Çevik, H., & Sevilmiş, A. (2024). The effects of sense of community on perceived value, consumer satisfaction and future intention in the low-cost fitness clubs. Managing Sport and Leisure, 29(5), 830–850. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2022.2115393
- Chelladurai, P., & Chang, K. (2000). Targets and standards of quality in sport services. Sport Management Review, 3(1), 1–22.
- Chiu, W., Cho, N.-H., & Won, D. (2014). The effects of internal marketing on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Taipei sports centers. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 24(2), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2014.881609
- Chiu, W., Won, D., & Bae, J. (2019). Customer value co-creation behaviour in fitness centres: How does it influence customers’ value, satisfaction, and repatronage intention? Managing Sport and Leisure, 24(1–3), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1579666
- Chiu, W., Won, D., & Bae, J. (2020). Internal marketing, organizational commitment, and job performance in sport and leisure services. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 10(2), 105–123.
- Daigo, E., & Filo, K. (2022). Exploring the value sponsors co-create at a charity sport event: A multiple stakeholder perspective of sport value. Sport Management Review, 25(4), 656–678. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1975401
- Delia, E. B., Melton, E. N., Sveinson, K., Cunningham, G. B., & Lock, D. (2022). Understanding the lack of diversity in sport consumer behavior research. Journal of Sport Management, 36(3), 265–276.
- Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 22, 99–113.
- Doyle, J., Filo, K., Thomson, A., & Kunkel, T. (2021). Large-scale sport events and resident well-being: Examining PERMA and the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games. Journal of Sport Management, 35(6), 537–550.
- EuropeActive & Deloitte (2024). European Health & Fitness Market Report 2024. Available at https://europeactive.blackbox-publishers.com/en/publications/ehfmr-deloitte-europeactive/european-health-fitness-market-report-2024
- Ferreira-Barbosa, H., Garcia-Fernandez, J., & Cepeda-Carrion, G. (2020). The Influence of Technologies on Members’ Retention by Gyms: A Systematic Review. Movimento, 26, Article e26070. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.100316
- Ferreira-Barbosa, H., Sabino, B., Loureiro, V., & Cepeda-Carrion, G. (2024). Perceived value, service quality and service convenience on behavioral intentions in fitness centers: A comparison between customers with and without personal training. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-09-2024-0226
- Font, X., English, R., Gkritzali, A., & Tian, W. S. (2021). Value co-creation in sustainable tourism: A service-dominant logic approach. Tourism Management, 82, Article 104200.
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
- Franco, S., da Costa-Simões, V. A., Santos-Rocha, R., Vieira, I., Ramalho, F., & Ramos, L. R. (2024). Tendências do Fitnessem Portugal para 2024. Retos: Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 57, 88–100.
- García-Fernández, J., & Gálvez-Ruiz, P. (2021). The Global Private Health & Fitness Business: A Marketing Perspective. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-80043-850-720211004/full/html
- García-Fernández, J., Gálvez-Ruíz, P., Fernández-Gavira, J., Vélez-Colón, L., Pitts, B., & Bernal-García, A. (2018). The effects of service convenience and perceived quality on perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty in low-cost fitness centers. Sport Management Review, 21(3), 250–262.
- García-Pascual, F., Parra-Camacho, D., & Aguado-Berenguer, S. (2023). Effect of service experience, engagement and satisfaction on the future intentions of customers of a sports services. Heliyon, 9(7), Article e17850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17850
- Gerke, A., Woratschek, H., & Dickson, G. (2020). The sport cluster concept as middle-range theory for the sport value framework. Sport Management Review, 23(2), 200–214.
- Gjestvang, C., Abrahamsen, F., Stensrud, T., & Haakstad, L. A. H. (2020). Motives and barriers to initiation and sustained exercise adherence in a fitness club setting—A one-year follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(9), 1796–1805. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13736
- Glaveli, N. (2021). Two Countries, Two Stories of CSR, Customer Trust and Advocacy Attitudes and Behaviors? A Study in the Greek and Bulgarian Telecommunication Sectors. European Management Review, 18(1), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12417
- Glaveli, N., Papadimitriou, D., Karagiorgos, T., & Alexandris, K. (2023). Exploring the role of fitness instructors’ interaction quality skills in building customer trust in the service provider and customer satisfaction. European Sport Management Quarterly, 23(3), 767–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1928256
- Gruner, K. E., & Homburg, C. (2000). Does customer interaction enhance new product success? Journal of business research, 49(1), 1–14.
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
- Homburg, C., & Giering, A. (2001). Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty? An empirical analysis. Psychology and Marketing, 18(1), 43–66. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6793(200101)18:1<43::AIDMAR3>3.0.CO;2-I
- Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
- Hsieh, Y.-H., & Chuang, I.-C. (2020). Evaluation of key factors for service experience: A comparison of tourism factories and international tourism hotels. Tourism Economics, 26(3), 404–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619840099
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 424.
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Hulland, J., Baumgartner, H., & Smith, K. M. (2018). Marketing survey research best practices: Evidence and recommendations from a review of JAMS articles. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 46(1), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0532-y
- Ioannou, M., & Melanthiou, Y. (2015). The effect of interaction quality on trust, loyalty and cross-selling. International Economics Letters, 4(1), 1–14.
- Jones, C. W., & Byon, K. K. (2020). Central actors in the live sport event context: A sport spectator value perception model. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 10(1), 58–81.
- Kaltsonoudi, K., Tsigilis, N., & Karteroliotis, K. (2022). Critical Review of the Literature and Current Tendencies of the Common Method Variance in Sport Management Research. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 26(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2021.1949322
- Kim, M. (2022). How can I Be as attractive as a Fitness YouTuber in the era of COVID-19? The impact of digital attributes on flow experience, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, Article 102778.
- Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
- Kuo, Y.-F., Wu, C.-M., & Deng, W.-J. (2009). The relationships among service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and post-purchase intention in mobile value-added services. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(4), 887–896.
- Larivière, B., Bowen, D., Andreassen, T. W., Kunz, W., Sirianni, N. J., Voss, C., Wünderlich, N. V., & De Keyser, A. (2017). “Service Encounter 2.0”: An investigation into the roles of technology, employees and customers. Journal of Business Research, 79, 238–246.
- León-Quismondo, J., García-Unanue, J., & Burillo, P. (2020). Best practices for fitness center business sustainability: A qualitative vision. Sustainability, 12(12), Article 5067.
- Lin, C. (2019). How does perceived retail service innovativeness affect retail patronage intentions? Creativity and Innovation Management, 28(4), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12333
- Loranca-Valle, C., Cuesta-Valiño, P., Núnez-Barriopedro, E., & Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, P. (2021). Management of loyalty and its main antecedents in sport organizations: A systematic analysis review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 783781.
- MacIntosh, E., & Law, B. (2015). Should I stay or should I go? Exploring the decision to join, maintain, or cancel a fitness membership. Managing Sport and Leisure, 20(3), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2015.1025093
- Mahony, D. F., Madrigal, R., & Howard, D. (2000). Using the psychological commitment to team (PCT) scale to segment sport consumers based on loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(1), 15–25.
- Morgan, R. & Hunt, S. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58, 20–38.
- Nguyen, H. S. (2024). The impact of value co-creation behavior on customer loyalty in the service domain. Heliyon, 10(9), Article e30278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30278
- Nuviala-Nuviala, A. N., García-Fernández, J., Bernal-García, A., Grao-Cruces, A., Teva-Villén, M. R., & Pérez-Ordás, R. (2014). Adaptación y validación de la escala de intenciones futuras de comportamiento en usuarios de servicios deportivos. Universitas Psychologica, 13(3), 1071–1082. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY13-3.avei
- Parra-Camacho, D., González-Serrano, M. H., Jiménez, M. A., & Jiménez-Jiménez, P. (2023). Analysis of the contribution of sport events to sustainable development: Impacts, support and resident’s perception. Heliyon, 9(11), Article e22033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22033
- Paschalidou, K., Tsitskari, E., Alexandris, K., Karagiorgos, T., & Filippou, D. (2023). Segmenting Fitness Center Customers: Leveraging Perceived Ethicality for Enhanced Loyalty, Trust, and Word-of-Mouth Communication. Sustainability, 15(22), Article 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216131
- Pedragosa, V., & Ferreira, A. (2025). Barómetro do fitness em Portugal 2024. Edições: AGAP.
- Pedragosa, V., & Ferreira, A. (2024). Barómetro do fitness em Portugal 2023. Edições: AGAP.
- Pedragosa, V., Cardadeiro, E., & Santos, A. (2023). Barómetro do fitness em Portugal 2022. Edições: AGAP.
- Ramaswamy, V., & Ozcan, K. (2018). What is co-creation? An interactional creation framework and its implications for value creation. Journal of Business Research, 84, 196–205.
- Sandell, M., & Lagrosen, S. (2015). Health and Fitness Marketing— The Role of Relationships and Trust. In C. L. Campbell (Ed.), Marketing in Transition: Scarcity, Globalism, & Sustainability (pp. 62–66). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18687-0_29
- Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. In C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, & A. Vomberg (Eds), Handbook of Market Research (pp. 587–632). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
- Sato, M., Jordan, J. S., & Funk, D. C. (2016). A distance-running event and life satisfaction: The mediating roles of involvement. Sport Management Review, 19(5), 536–549.
- Sevilmiş, A., Özdemir, İ., García-Fernández, J., & Zhang, J. J. (2024). Development of a Multidimensional Scale for Measuring the Perceived Value of a Fitness Service. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2024.2317122
- Sharma, S., Mukherjee, S., Kumar, A., & Dillon, W. R. (2005). A simulation study to investigate the use of cutoff values for assessing model fit in covariance structure models. Journal of business research, 58(7), 935–943.
- Sirdeshmukh, D., Singh, J., & Sabol, B. (2002). Consumer Trust, Value, and Loyalty in Relational Exchanges. Journal of Marketing, 66(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.1.15.18449
- Sperandei, S., Vieira, M. C., & Reis, A. C. (2016). Adherence to physical activity in an unsupervised setting: Explanatory variables for high attrition rates among fitness center members. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(11), 916–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.522
- Surprenant, C. F., & Solomon, M. R. (1987). Predictability and Personalization in the Service Encounter. Journal of Marketing, 51(2), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298705100207
- Thompson, W. R. (2022). Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2022. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 26(1), 11–20.
- Trombert, A. R. (2015). La Declaración de Helsinki de Fortaleza (Brasil) 2013: Avances, retrocesos y retos pendientes. (A declaração de helsinki de fortaleza (brasil) 2013: avanços, recuos e futuros desafios.). Revista Binacional Brasil-Argentina: Diálogo entre as ciências, 4(1), 207–229.
- Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.1.1.24036
- Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2008). Service-dominant logic: Continuing the evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0069-6
- Vila-López, N., Küster-Boluda, I., & Aldás-Manzano, J. (2000). Desarrollo y validación de escalas de medida en marketing. Servei de Publicacions, Facultat de Ciències Econòmiques i Empresarials, Universitat de València.
- Wang, F. J., & Chiu, W. (2023). Service encounter and repurchase intention in fitness centers: Perceived value as a mediator and service innovativeness as a moderator. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 24(1), 145–167.
- Wilkie, W. L. (1994). Consumer learning. Consumer Behavior (3rd ed., pp. 259–262). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
- Woratschek, H., Horbel, C., & Popp, B. (2014). The sport value framework – a new fundamental logic for analyses in sport management. European Sport Management Quarterly, 14(1), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2013.865776
- Xu, J. B., Yan, L., & Mak, C. K. (2021). Service encounter failure, negative destination emotion and behavioral intention: An experimental study of taxi service. Tourism Management Perspectives, 40, Article 100886.
- Yi, S., Lee, Y. W., Connerton, T., & Park, C.-Y. (2021). Should I stay or should I go? Visit frequency as fitness centre retention strategy. Managing Sport and Leisure, 26(4), 268–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1763829
- Yoshida, M., & James, J. D. (2010). Customer satisfaction with game and service experiences: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of sport management, 24(3), 338–361.
- Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000203