Fig. 1:
Fig. 2:
Fig. 3:
Factor loadings
| Risk ID. | Component | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| I1 | 0.733 | |||||
| I2 | 0.586 | |||||
| I3 | 0.545 | |||||
| I4 | 0.800 | |||||
| I5 | 0.813 | |||||
| I6 | 0.870 | |||||
| I7 | 0.797 | |||||
| I8 | 0.678 | |||||
| I9 | 0.867 | |||||
| I10 | 0.749 | |||||
| I11 | 0.895 | |||||
| I12 | 0.901 | |||||
| I13 | 0.848 | |||||
| I14 | 0.791 | |||||
| I15 | 0.931 | |||||
| I16 | 0.835 | |||||
| I17 | 0.893 | |||||
| I18 | 0.840 | |||||
| I19 | 0.374 | |||||
| I20 | 0.882 | |||||
| I21 | 0.816 | |||||
| I22 | 0.889 | |||||
| I23 | 0.885 | |||||
| I24 | 0.568 | |||||
| I25 | 0.928 | |||||
| I26 | 0.936 | |||||
| I27 | 0.936 | |||||
| I28 | 0.888 | |||||
| I29 | 0.882 | |||||
| I30 | 0.742 | |||||
| I31 | 0.681 | |||||
| I32 | 0.592 | |||||
| I33 | 0.594 | |||||
| I34 | 0.587 | |||||
| I35 | 0.665 | |||||
| I36 | 0.762 | |||||
| I37 | 0.622 | |||||
| I38 | 0.626 | |||||
| I39 | 0.623 | |||||
| I40 | 0.655 | |||||
| I41 | ||||||
| I42 | 0.627 | |||||
| I43 | 0.685 | |||||
| I44 | ||||||
| I45 | 0.551 | |||||
| I46 | 0.580 | |||||
| I47 | 0.609 | |||||
| I48 | 0.630 | |||||
| I49 | 0.659 | |||||
| I50 | 0.635 | |||||
| I51 | 0.882 | |||||
| I52 | 0.869 | |||||
| I53 | 0.932 | |||||
| I54 | 0.879 | |||||
| I55 | 0.917 | |||||
| I56 | 0.874 | |||||
KMO and Bartlett’s test
| KMO measure of sampling adequacy | 0.943 | |
|---|---|---|
| Bartlett’s test of sphericity | Approx. chi-square | 38,752.817 |
| df | 1,540 | |
| Sig. | 0.001 | |
Index values of relations in SEM of risk management that affect the irrigation construction project before and after adjustment
| Index | Criteria | Before adjusting model | After adjusting model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic | Result of consideration | Statistic | Result of consideration | ||
| χ2/df | <3.00 | 15.024 | Unqualified | 0.413 | Qualified |
| p-value of χ2 | >0.05 | <0.001 | Unqualified | 0.799 | Qualified |
| NFI | >0.90 | 0.864 | Unqualified | 0.999 | Qualified |
| GFI | >0.90 | 0.856 | Unqualified | 0.999 | Qualified |
| CFI | >0.95 | 0.856 | Qualified | 0.999 | Qualified |
| RMR | <0.08 | 6.619 | Unqualified | 0.029 | Qualified |
| RMSEA | <0.08 | 0.175 | Unqualified | 0.001 | Qualified |
Risk factors at a sublevel that affect the construction of an irrigation project
| Risk ID. | Descriptive | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| I1 | Delays caused by the approval – details of the construction plan (Shop drawing) of the employers | E, T, O, Q, S |
| I2 | Delay factors caused by the approval-material of the employers | E, T, O, S |
| I3 | Lack of a good coordination system between parties involved with each other | F, T, O, S, P |
| I4 | The factor of the employer planning the construction project is not detailed (not clear) | G, T, Q, S |
| I5 | Mistakes against employer’s strike order | H, R, T |
| I6 | The contractor lacks knowledge and experience in construction techniques | F, T, S, P |
| I7 | The contractor does not pay attention to construction safety | I, T, Q, P |
| I8 | Accidents caused by the contractor’s construction, such as falls from heights, impacts, etc. | I, Q, S, P |
| I9 | The employers lack control and inspection of the income-expensing accounting system of the construction project | J, Q, S, P |
| I10 | Delays in recognising and solving problems between the individuals involved | J, O, S |
| I11 | Mistake of communication | F, T, O, Q |
| I12 | The contractor breaches the terms of the contract | J, O, P |
| I13 | The text of the contract is unclear in terms of meaning, responsibility, or contract details | J, Q |
| I14 | Continuity in construction work | F, R, O, P |
| I15 | Availability of labour in terms of number and skill. | J, O, P |
| I16 | Coordination between parties involved in the project | F, Q, P |
| I17 | Project management and site supervision | F, R, S |
| I18 | Financial liquidity of construction projects | J, R, S, P |
| I19 | Period for disbursing money from project owners and contractors | J, Q, S, P |
| I20 | Accuracy and suitability of design data | J, Q, S |
| I21 | The perfection of the design and the details of the design. | K, Q, S |
| I22 | Project planning and budgeting | J, R, O, Q |
| I23 | Delivery of the construction site | J, R, O, Q |
| I24 | Competence and compliance of subcontractors | J, S, P |
| I25 | Personnel competence | L, T, S |
| I26 | Personnel commitment | L, T, P |
| I27 | Communication and coordination | J, Q, S, P |
| I28 | Financial management | J, R, O, P |
| I29 | Surveillance and monitoring of performance | J, P |
| I30 | Late approval of the construction of drawings (Shop Drawing) | J, T, O |
| I31 | The delay from the owner of the project in answering questions from the contractor | J, S |
| I32 | Installation payments are not as scheduled | J, R, Q, S, P |
| I33 | Deficiencies and unclear construction contracts | J, R, Q, S, P |
| I34 | Details of designs used in construction | K, Q, S, P |
| I35 | Interference with the contractor from the owner | J, Q |
| I36 | Interfering with the contractor’s work by other contractors or other owners. | J, S |
| I37 | Lack of expertise in the work of supervisors | F, O, S, P |
| I38 | The number of supervisors is insufficient | J, S |
| I39 | Supervisors have multiple chains of command, resulting in delayed decision-making | J, T, S |
| I40 | Failure to take ownership of the construction site and the use of rights on route to the construction site | J, T |
| I41 | Discovery of antiquities or ancient civilisation sites in construction sites | J, S |
| I42 | Obstruction of buildings, restricted trees and utilities of other agencies | J |
| I43 | The problem of working space conditions has changed from the counterparty contract model | J, R, S |
| I44 | Problems with the condition of the work site. Hard stones are obstructed, causing the need to use tools. special in destruction | J, S |
| I45 | The delay in submitting the construction drawing (Shop Drawing) is delayed | J, R, Q, S |
| I46 | The delay in submitting construction drawings (As build Drawing) is delayed | E, R, Q |
| I47 | the lack of experience of personnel and expertise in operations or construction planning | J, R, Q, S, P |
| I48 | Delays caused by subcontractor work | E, T, P |
| I49 | The building does not comply with the contract without matching the specifications or construction drawings | J, Q |
| I50 | Failure to comply with the request of the owner of the work that the contractor has agreed to according to that request | J, Q, S |
| I51 | Deficiencies in tracking tasks and adjusting work plans | J, Q, S |
| I52 | Disorders in coordination on site | N, U, Q, S |
| I53 | Lack of management and coordination within the contractor’s organisation | J, T, O, P |
| I54 | Delay in procurement of equipment or construction materials | J, T, Q, S, P |
| I55 | Using construction tools or equipment that do not meet the requirements | H, T, Q, S, P |
| I56 | Lack of financial liquidity of contractors | M, O, S |
| Y1 | Duration | D |
| Y2 | Budget | D |
| Y3 | Quality | D |
Number of components, eigenvalue, percentage of variance and percentage of cumulative variance
| Components | Initial eigenvalues | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % of variance | Cumulative% | |
| 1 | 22.747 | 40.620 | 40.620 |
| 2 | 12.176 | 21.742 | 62.362 |
| 3 | 5.225 | 9.331 | 71.693 |
| 4 | 1.910 | 3.411 | 75.104 |
| 5 | 1.462 | 2.611 | 77.715 |
| 6 | 1.104 | 1.972 | 79.687 |
Risk group
| Risk group defining | Risk factors | Risk ID. |
|---|---|---|
| 1. The inefficiency of legal administration | Delay factors caused by the approval-material of the employers | I2 |
| Lack of a good coordination system between parties involved with each other | I3 | |
| The factors of the employees planning the construction project are not detailed (not clear) | I4 | |
| Mistakes against employer’s strike order | I5 | |
| 1. The inefficiency of legal administration | The contractor lacks knowledge and experience in construction techniques | I6 |
| The contractor does not pay attention to construction safety | I7 | |
| Accidents caused by the contractor’s construction, such as falls from heights and impacts | I8 | |
| The employers lack control and inspection of the income-expense accounting system of the construction project | I9 | |
| delays in recognising and solving problems between the individuals involved | I10 | |
| Mistake of communication | I11 | |
| The contractor breaches the terms of the contract. | I12 | |
| The text of the contract is unclear. both in terms of meaning, responsibility, contract details | I13 | |
| Continuity in construction work | I14 | |
| Instalment payments are not as scheduled. | I32 | |
| Lack of expertise in the work of supervisors | I37 | |
| The number of supervisors is insufficient | I38 | |
| Supervisors have multiple chains of command, resulting in delayed decision-making | I39 | |
| Failure to take ownership of the construction site and the use of rights on route to the construction site | I40 | |
| The problem of working space conditions has changed from the counterparty contract model | I43 | |
| Delays caused by subcontractor work | I48 | |
| The building does not comply with the contract without matching the specifications or construction drawings | I49 | |
| Failure to comply with the request of the owner of the work that the contractor has agreed to according to that request | I50 | |
| 2. The inefficiency of construction management in project | Availability of labour in terms of number and skill | I15 |
| coordination between parties involved in the project | I16 | |
| 2. The inefficiency of construction management in project | Project management and site supervision | I17 |
| Financial liquidity of construction projects | I18 | |
| Period for disbursing money from project owners and contractors | I19 | |
| Accuracy and suitability of design data | I20 | |
| The perfection of the design and the details of the design. | I21 | |
| Project planning and budgeting | I22 | |
| delivery of the construction site | I23 | |
| Competence and Compliance of Subcontractors | I24 | |
| personnel competence | I25 | |
| personnel commitment | I26 | |
| communication and coordination | I27 | |
| financial management | I28 | |
| Surveillance and monitoring of performance | I29 | |
| details of designs used in construction | I34 | |
| 3. The inefficiency of contractor in project | Delays caused by the approval – details of the construction plan (shop drawing) of the employers | I1 |
| Late approval of the construction drawings (shop drawing). | I30 | |
| The delay from the owner of the project in answering questions from the contractor. | I31 | |
| Deficiencies and unclear construction contracts | I33 | |
| Disorders in coordination on site | I52 | |
| Lack of management and coordination within the contractor’s organisation | I53 | |
| Delay in procurement of equipment or construction materials | I54 | |
| Using construction tools or equipment that do not meet the requirements | I55 | |
| Lack of financial liquidity of contractors | I56 | |
| 4. The inefficiency of design in construction phase | The delay in submitting the construction drawing (shop drawing) is delayed | I45 |
| The delay in submitting construction drawings (as build drawing) is delayed | I46 | |
| the lack of experience of personnel and expertise in operations or construction planning | I47 | |
| 5. Discovery of antiquities at construction site | Discovery of antiquities or ancient civilisation sites in construction sites | I41 |
| 6. The condition of special work | Problems with the condition of the work site. Hard stones are obstructed, causing the need to use tools. special in destruction | I44 |
Overview of participant
| Category | Component | Amount | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 326 | 70.87 |
| Female | 135 | 29.13 | |
| Age (years) | <30 | 179 | 38.91 |
| 31–50 | 223 | 48.48 | |
| >50 | 58 | 12.61 | |
| Education | Vocational | 80 | 17.39 |
| Higher vocational | 169 | 36.74 | |
| Bachelor | 197 | 42.83 | |
| Master or higher | 14 | 3.04 | |
| Experience (years) | <5 | 149 | 32.39 |
| 5–10 | 141 | 30.65 | |
| 11–30 | 145 | 31.52 | |
| >30 | 25 | 5.43 | |
| Organisation | Government | 119 | 25.87 |
| Private company | 341 | 74.13 | |
| Position | Director | 18 | 3.91 |
| Engineer | 121 | 26.30 | |
| Manager | 29 | 6.30 | |
| Officer | 53 | 11.52 | |
| Other (supervisor or subcontractor) | 239 | 51.96 |
Mean and SD of risk factors
| Risk ID. | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
| I1 | 3.33 | 0.90 |
| I2 | 3.44 | 0.91 |
| I3 | 3.08 | 0.71 |
| I4 | 3.48 | 1.02 |
| I5 | 3.38 | 1.07 |
| I6 | 3.30 | 0.95 |
| I7 | 3.35 | 1.11 |
| I8 | 3.21 | 1.29 |
| I9 | 3.13 | 0.97 |
| I10 | 3.12 | 0.86 |
| I11 | 3.28 | 0.96 |
| I12 | 3.37 | 1.05 |
| I13 | 3.15 | 0.87 |
| I14 | 3.33 | 0.91 |
| I15 | 2.85 | 0.95 |
| I16 | 2.90 | 0.87 |
| I17 | 2.83 | 1.05 |
| I18 | 2.83 | 1.04 |
| I19 | 2.95 | 2.27 |
| I20 | 2.69 | 0.99 |
| I21 | 2.75 | 1.09 |
| I22 | 2.77 | 1.04 |
| I23 | 2.83 | 0.97 |
| I24 | 3.07 | 0.91 |
| I25 | 2.76 | 1.07 |
| I26 | 2.81 | 1.01 |
| I27 | 2.82 | 1.02 |
| I28 | 2.80 | 1.14 |
| I29 | 2.84 | 1.16 |
| I30 | 3.37 | 0.99 |
| I31 | 3.13 | 0.82 |
| I32 | 3.34 | 1.06 |
| I33 | 3.30 | 0.95 |
| I34 | 2.93 | 0.90 |
| I35 | 3.18 | 1.02 |
| I36 | 3.26 | 1.03 |
| I37 | 3.34 | 0.91 |
| I38 | 3.38 | 0.94 |
| I39 | 3.50 | 0.98 |
| I40 | 3.41 | 0.94 |
| I41 | 3.29 | 1.70 |
| I42 | 3.15 | 0.89 |
| I43 | 3.25 | 0.77 |
| I44 | 3.37 | 1.27 |
| I45 | 3.19 | 0.96 |
| I46 | 3.19 | 0.95 |
| I47 | 3.26 | 0.94 |
| I48 | 3.38 | 0.92 |
| I49 | 3.30 | 0.99 |
| I50 | 3.21 | 0.66 |
| I51 | 3.22 | 0.96 |
| I52 | 3.30 | 0.95 |
| I53 | 3.22 | 1.07 |
| I54 | 3.18 | 1.00 |
| I55 | 3.13 | 1.08 |
| I56 | 3.10 | 1.08 |
| YI1 | 3.27 | 1.03 |
| YI2 | 3.30 | 1.04 |
| YI3 | 3.46 | 1.06 |