Table 1
Breakdown of posts and post types in selected Telegram channels
| Channel | Total Posts | Text-only | Pictures only | Videos only | Audio only | Mixed content |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACF | 125 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 99 |
| VL | 85 | 10 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 61 |
| C8 | 35 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 |
Table 2
Time span and posting frequencies of the three Telegram channels
| Channel | Time span | Avg. posts / month |
|---|---|---|
| ACF | 14 July 2022 – 09 December 2024 | 4.32 |
| VL | 16 February 2020 – 01 December 2024 | 1.48 |
| C8 | 30 September 2023 – 09 December 2024 | 2.44 |
Figure 1
Screenshot from C8’s recruitment video
Comments: Per sonal features that might compromise an individual’s identity are blurred for the purposes of this research. (C8-071023)
Figure 2
Screenshot from C8’s recruitment video
Comments: (C8-071023)
Figure 3
VL member exercising
Comments: (VL-060521)
Figure 4
C8 logo
Comments: (C8-220924)
Figure 5
VL logo
Comments: (VL-Channel-info)
Figure 6
Screenshot from ACF’s recruitment video
Comments: ACF’s photo shows a figure dressed in black with a covered face making a white-supremacist hand sign. The accompanying caption reads: “Young Finn, you have already awakened, so arise!” (ACF-170824)
Figure 7
Indoor MMA training session depicted in ACF’s post
Comments: Adolf Hitler’s quote elaborating on the connection between body, mind, and National Socialism. (ACF-200424)
Figure 8
A screenshot from a ACF’s advertisement video for the Suomi Herää Independence Day Black Bloc
Comments: The 36-second black-and-white video features a text: “There are intruders on our borders again, we do not want them here! Do you? If not… Join us on 6.12. in Helsinki”. (ACF-251123)
Figure 9
Finnish RWE combat sports milieu at Hietaniemi Heroes’ Cemetery in Helsinki on Independence Day
Comments: Although only ACF’s banner is visible, the image also includes several members wearing balaclavas with the C8 logo. (ACF-081224)
Figure 10
White Boy Summer Fest poster
Comments: The poster shows VL’s logo in the upper right corner among the organisers. C8 and ACF logos are not featured in these or other posters. (VL-060624)
Figure 11
C8’s post with an excerpt from a RAC song
Comments: The lyrics featured in the post are translated by the author as follows:“When you call, I will even give my life when the end is near. But there will be no perfect moment in the battle of ideologies; when you act as a fierce fighter, the necessary sacrifice is an active life … not death”. (C8-271123)