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BTS-NEUNET: Brain Tissue Segmentation via White Shark Optimized Features Based Nested U-Net Cover

BTS-NEUNET: Brain Tissue Segmentation via White Shark Optimized Features Based Nested U-Net

Open Access
|Apr 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Proposed BTS-NEUNET model.

Fig. 2.

Architecture of DenseGoogLeNet.

Fig. 3.

Flowchart of White Shark Optimization Algorithm.

Fig. 4.

Architecture of a DBN.

Fig. 5.

Structure of Nested Attention U-Net.

Fig. 6.

Experimental result of the proposed BTS-NEUNET.

Fig. 7.

Accuracy curve of the proposed BTS-NEUNET method.

Fig. 8.

Loss curve of the proposed BTS-NEUNET method.

Performance of the proposed BTS-NEUNET method_

ClassesAccuracy [%]Precision [%]Recall [%]Specificity [%]F1-Score [%]
Grey matter99.7597.6998.5298.6297.64
White matter99.8598.9197.7497.4198.17
Cerebrospinal fluid98.9699.4596.9296.5896.43
Ischemic lesions99.6999.1798.2897.3497.49
Healthy99.7599.5199.4695.6195.42
Overall99.6098.9598.1897.1197.03

Comparison of a traditional network with the proposed DenseGoogLeNet_

TechniqueAccuracy [%]Precision [%]Recall [%]Specificity [%]F1-Score [%]
ShuffleNet [26]97.9693.6193.2196.8494.21
ResNet [27]95.0792.0887.6094.5991.03
Ghost Net [28]98.8487.0294.7193.6289.61
MobileNet [29]95.6694.4292.3597.8595.87
DenseGoogLeNet99.6098.9598.1897.1197.03

Accuracy comparison with the existing and the proposed method_

AuthorTechniqueAccuracy [%]
Zhang, F., et la [16]DDSeg97.68
Kollem, S., et al [23]Optimal SVM98.26
Gudise, S., et al., [25]CEFAFCM97.86
Proposed methodBTS-NEUNET99.60
Language: English
Page range: 106 - 116
Submitted on: Apr 18, 2025
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Accepted on: Dec 31, 2025
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Published on: Apr 11, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open

© 2026 A. Jegadeesh, A. Jegatheesh, R A Mabel Rose, Athur Shaik Ali Gousia Banu, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.