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EM Design, Realization and Measurement of a Hexagonal SIW-Based Bandpass Filter for Wireless Communication Cover

EM Design, Realization and Measurement of a Hexagonal SIW-Based Bandpass Filter for Wireless Communication

Measurement Science Review
Volume 26 (2026): Issue 2 (April 2026)
By: Abdelhakim Boudkhil,  Mehdi Damou,  Mohammed Chetioui,  Keltouma Nouri,  Slimane Gouni and  Mustafa Secmen  
Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Different steps to design the third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW filter with cross-coupling.

Fig. 2.

Total equivalent circuit of the third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW filter with cross-coupling.

Fig. 3.

Optimal EM response for a single-band BPF with a single TZ in the upper stopband.

Fig. 4.

Initial configuration of a first-order hexagonal SIW filter.

Fig. 5.

Group delay of the first hexagonal SIW resonator after optimization (p = 1.05 mm, d = 5 mm, wgap = 1.5 mm, Ifeed = 2.8 mm, Wfeed = 2.8 mm, Lz = 8.4 mm).

Fig. 6.

Quality factor of a resonator Qe versus wfeed of the first hexagonal SIW resonator.

Fig. 7.

Representation of the electric field distribution of the fundamental modes in a hexagonal cavity resonator at f = 8 GHz, (a) φ = 90°, (b) φ = 65°, (c) φ = 45°.

Fig. 8.

The second-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter employing mixed coupling (Lz = 8.4 mm, Ifeed = 1.5 mm, wfeed = 2.8 mm, wgap = 1.5 mm, d = 0.6 mm, p = 1 mm, g13 = 5 mm, L = 10 mm, w = 0.5 mm, s = 0.45 mm).

Fig. 9.

S-parameters of the proposed conventional SIW-DGS filter.

Fig. 10.

Extracted coupling coefficient K versus g12 for the second-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter.

Fig. 11.

Representation of the electric field distribution of the second-order hexagonal SIW-DGS filter at f = 8 GHz, (a) φ = 0°, (b) φ = 45°, (c) φ = 90°, (d) φ = 180°.

Fig. 12.

The third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter design with cross-coupling.

Fig. 13.

EM response for the third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter with cross-coupling.

Fig. 14.

Comparison of the EM response of the third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter extracted using CM and HFSS.

Fig. 15.

Simulated electric field distributions at the resonance frequency at f = 8 GHz, (a) φ = 0°, (b) φ = 45°, (c) φ = 90°, (d) φ = 180°.

Fig. 16.

The photograph of the implemented third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter, (a) top view and (b) bottom view.

Fig. 17.

Measured vs simulated results of the third-order bandpass hexagonal SIW-DGS filter with (a) insertion loss and (b) return loss.

Hexagonal SIW filter's target specifications_

ParameterValue
Filter order03
Center frequency8.15 GHz
−3 dB bandwidth375 MHz
Insertion loss (IL)< 0.1 dB
Passband ripple0.0431
Passband return loss−20 dB
FZT (Frequency of zero transmission)8.241 GHz
Filter functionTchebychev

g0g1g2g3g4
11.03161.14741.03161

Dimensions of the first-order hexagonal SIW filter_

ParametersdpIfeedwfeedwgapLzWsiw
Values [mm]22.982.92.61.58.415.98

Comparison of the designed third-order hexagonal SIW-DGS filter to other reported filter designs_

Ref.f [GHz]FBW [%]Insertion loss [dB]Return loss [dB]Circuit size
[21]5.008.001.922045 × 25 × 0.542
[22]8.0013.751.202035 × 30 × 0.849
[23]9.822.100.742450 × 30 × 0.821
Proposed design7.903.541.852317 × 22.9 × 0.542

Comparison of calculated, simulated, and measured results for the developed third-order hexagonal SIW filter_

OperationCalculationSimulationMeasurement
Center frequency [GHz]7.97.9037.898
Lower −3dB Cut-off [GHz]0.11.581.62
Bandwidth [MHz]279.66270272

Values of capacitance C1, inductance L1, impedance Zi_

ZiL1, C1f
Z = 50 ΩL1 = 56.67 nH7.9 GHz
Z23 = 62.09 ΩC1 = 0.0071 pF
Z12 = 62.09 Ω

Coupling and iris widths gij of the third-order hexagonal SIW-DGS bandpass filter_

Mi,i+1Kgij [mm]
M12 = M23(0.0453)0.0465g12 = g23 = (5.22)
M13(0.0621)0.0623g13 = (5.6)

The initial dimensions of the third-order passband hexagonal SIW-DGS filter_

ParametersSymbolValue [mm]
Microstrip lineWidthW50 = 1.2
L50 = 5.6
SIW characteristicsWidthWsiw = 15.98
Pitch of viasp = 1
Diameterd = 0.5
Iris characteristicsDistanceg12 = 5.2
g13 = g23 = 5.6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2026-0010 | Journal eISSN: 1335-8871
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Language: English
Page range: 73 - 81
Submitted on: Apr 21, 2025
|
Accepted on: Jan 26, 2026
|
Published on: Mar 16, 2026
Published by: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
hexagonal filter,
substrate integrated waveguide,
defected ground structure,
operating frequency,
cross,
coupling,
simulation,
experimental,
measurement
Related subjects:
Engineering,
Electrical engineering,
Control engineering, metrology and testing

© 2026 Abdelhakim Boudkhil, Mehdi Damou, Mohammed Chetioui, Keltouma Nouri, Slimane Gouni, Mustafa Secmen, published by Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Measurement Science
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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