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Fig. 8.

Comparison of the performance evaluation indices of the four models_
| Model | R2 | MAE | RMSE |
|---|---|---|---|
| H-CNN-BiLSTM | 0.9771 | 0.1748 | 0.2093 |
| PSO-BPNN | 0.6325 | 0.3626 | 0.4635 |
| EKF-LMRLS | 0.3934 | 0.9417 | 1.1412 |
| GDRLS | 0.2024 | 0.5850 | 1.0166 |
Hyperparameters of H-CNN-BiLSTM_
| Training options | Parameters |
|---|---|
| Optimizer | Adam |
| Mini batch size | 200 |
| Max epochs | 50 |
| Initial learn rate | 0.002 |
| Learn rate drop factor | 0.1 |
| Learn rate drop period | 100 |