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Parameters corresponding to image encoding under different power parameters
| 4 mm/s | 5 mm/s | 6 mm/s | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40% | a | b | c |
| 50% | d | e | f |
| 60% | g | h | i |
Variance analysis of remelting depth
| Source | Sum of squares | Df | Mean square | F-value | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 64139.87 | 9 | 7126.65 | 311.30 | <0.0001 | Significant |
| P | 59168.00 | 1 | 59168.00 | 2584.56 | <0.0001 | |
| N | 2346.13 | 1 | 2346.13 | 102.48 | <0.0001 | |
| V | 45.13 | 1 | 45.13 | 1.97 | 0.2031 | |
| PN | 289 | 1 | 289 | 12.62 | 0.0093 | |
| PV | 64 | 1 | 64 | 2.80 | 0.1384 | |
| NV | 0.2500 | 1 | 0.2500 | 0.0109 | 0.9197 | |
| P 2 | 1923.75 | 1 | 1923.75 | 84.03 | <0.0001 | |
| N 2 | 55.33 | 1 | 55.33 | 2.42 | 0.1640 | |
| V 2 | 133.22 | 1 | 133.22 | 5.82 | 0.0466 | |
| Residuals | 160.25 | 7 | 22.89 | |||
| Adeq precision = 56.2042 | Adj. R 2 = 0.9943 | Pred. R 2 = 0.9601 | R 2 = 0.9975 | |||
Variance analysis of roughness difference
| Source | Sum of squares | Df | Mean square | F-value | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 2.90 | 9 | 0.3219 | 96.19 | <0.0001 | Significant |
| P | 1.98 | 1 | 0.0032 | 591.69 | <0.0001 | |
| N | 0.0528 | 1 | 0.0020 | 15.78 | 0.0054 | |
| V | 0.1485 | 1 | 0.0012 | 44.38 | 0.0003 | |
| PN | 0.0992 | 1 | 0.0001 | 29.65 | 0.0010 | |
| PV | 0.1980 | 1 | 0.0000 | 59.18 | 0.0001 | |
| NV | 0.0256 | 1 | 0.0002 | 7.65 | 0.0279 | |
| P 2 | 0.3917 | 1 | 0.0002 | 117.05 | <0.0001 | |
| N 2 | 0.0007 | 1 | 0.0000 | 0.1966 | 0.6709 | |
| V 2 | 0.0044 | 1 | 1.067E-06 | 1.33 | 0.2868 | |
| Residuals | 0.0234 | 7 | 0.0033 | |||
| Adeq precision = 32.456 | Adj. R 2 = 0.9817 | Pred. R 2 = 0.8717 | R 2 = 0.992 | |||
Main technological parameters of laser
| Technological parameters | Value |
|---|---|
| Maximum power (W) | 1,500 |
| Laser wavelength (nm) | 1,064 |
| Maximum frequency (Hz) | 20,000 |
| Focal length (mm) | 125 |
| Rotation speed (rpm) | 2,000 |
| Laser mode | Circular oscillating laser |
| Output mode | Pulse |
The actual values and corresponding encoded values of roughness and melt depth parameters
| Factor | Symbol | Extreme value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| −1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| P (W) | W | 120 | 150 | 180 |
| V (mm/s) | v | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| N (%) | r | 40 | 50 | 60 |
Experimental design matrix and corresponding measurement results for roughness and melt depth
| No. | P (W) | N (%) | V (mm/s) | R (μm) | D (μm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 120 | 40 | 5 | 1.99 | 50 |
| 2 | 180 | 40 | 5 | 0.65 | 239 |
| 3 | 120 | 60 | 5 | 1.56 | 40 |
| 4 | 180 | 60 | 5 | 0.85 | 195 |
| 5 | 120 | 50 | 4 | 1.32 | 48 |
| 6 | 180 | 50 | 4 | 0.8 | 228 |
| 7 | 120 | 50 | 6 | 2.13 | 46 |
| 8 | 180 | 50 | 6 | 0.72 | 210 |
| 9 | 150 | 40 | 4 | 0.86 | 136 |
| 10 | 150 | 60 | 4 | 0.81 | 94 |
| 11 | 150 | 40 | 6 | 1.2 | 136 |
| 12 | 150 | 60 | 6 | 0.83 | 95 |
| 13 | 150 | 50 | 5 | 0.97 | 107 |
| 14 | 150 | 50 | 5 | 0.99 | 106 |
| 15 | 150 | 50 | 5 | 0.95 | 103 |
| 16 | 150 | 50 | 5 | 1.01 | 104 |
| 17 | 150 | 50 | 5 | 0.98 | 105 |
Main chemical compositions of 316L stainless steel
| Elements | C | Cr | Ni | Mo | Si | Mn | P | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction (%) | 0.0255 | 14.41 | 8.05 | 2.1 | 0.35 ≤ 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.033 | 0.011 |
Laser remelting process parameters
| No. | Laser power (W) | Scanning speed (mm/s) | Rotation speed (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 120 | 4 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 2 | 120 | 5 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 3 | 120 | 6 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 4 | 150 | 4 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 5 | 150 | 5 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 6 | 150 | 6 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 7 | 180 | 4 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 8 | 180 | 5 | 40, 50, 60 |
| 9 | 180 | 6 | 40, 50, 60 |