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Lateral resolution enhancement in low-cost DLP 3D printing via integrated optical focusing and collimation Cover

Lateral resolution enhancement in low-cost DLP 3D printing via integrated optical focusing and collimation

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

(a) Schematic representation of the DLP method (upstream) [3] and (b) schematic representation of the LCD method [4].

Figure 2

(a) Downward DLP projection and (b) upward DLP projection [13].

Figure 3

Schematic illustration of voxel curing defects induced by oblique light incidence: (a) Unintended curing of material adjacent to the target voxel and (b) insufficient curing within the target voxel caused by reduced effective exposure.

Figure 4

DLP 3D printer schematics: (a) Without optical module and (b) with optical module.

Figure 5

General view of the experiment setup.

Figure 6

Some printed samples for visual and microscopic investigations.

Figure 7

(a) Part printed without optical module and (b) part printed with optical module.

Figure 8

(a) Images from the middle parts of the parts (without optical module on left and with optical module on right) and (b) images from the angled edges of the parts (without optical module on left and with optical module on right).

Printing parameters with and without optical module

ParametersPrinting parameters without optical modulePrinting parameters with optical module
Layer thickness0.065 mm0.065 mm
Number of layers8282
Lift and sequence time5,000 ms5,000 ms
Exposure time2,500 ms100 ms
First layer exposure time10,000 ms4,000 ms

Impact of optical system on resolution and printing performance

ParametersWithout optical moduleWith optical moduleImprovement
Layer exposure time2,500 ms100 ms25× reduction
Total printing time00:10:4500:07:171.45× faster
Pixel size168.1 µm ± 3.444.5 µm ± 2∼3.8× reduction
Edge definition/pixel arrayIrregular/blurredHomogeneous/sharpVisual enhancement
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2026-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
Language: English
Page range: 127 - 137
Submitted on: Jan 30, 2026
Accepted on: May 4, 2026
Published on: Jun 3, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Mehmet Ermurat, Oğuzhan Karaduman, Mert Can Kılınç, Seyfi Savaş, Ömer Tutucu, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.