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Elements composition of SPS-NBCTO ceramics_
| Element | SPS-800 | SPS-850 | SPS-900 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (%) | Atomic (%) | Weight (%) | Atomic (%) | Weight (%) | Atomic (%) | |
| O K | 33.61 | 66.97 | 30.09 | 61.59 | 23.93 | 55.49 |
| Na K | 1.00 | 1.39 | 1.92 | 2.74 | 0.84 | 1.36 |
| Ti K | 26.24 | 17.46 | 24.59 | 16.81 | 29.17 | 22.59 |
| Cu K | 23.52 | 11.80 | 33.64 | 17.34 | 30.47 | 17.79 |
| Bi M | 15.63 | 2.38 | 9.76 | 1.53 | 15.59 | 2.77 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Values of ε′, σ g, and σ gb at RT in addition to the activation energy for the electrical conduction and the modulus relaxation processes in SPS-NBCTO ceramics_
| ε′ @ 1 kHz | σ g (S/cm) | σ gb (S/cm) | E g (eV) | E gb (eV) | E m−g (eV) | E m−gb (eV) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPS-800 | 2.77 × 104 | 3.01 × 10−2 | 3.47 × 10−3 | 0.090 | 0.211 | 0.082 | 0.145 |
| SPS-850 | 3.96 × 104 | 2.85 × 10−2 | 2.65 × 10−3 | 0.096 | 0.202 | 0.082 | 0.145 |
| SPS-900 | 3.32 × 104 | 3.06 × 10−2 | 2.51 × 10−3 | 0.089 | 0.192 | 0.081 | 0.144 |